Re-establishment of the genus Pseudalbizzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade): the New World species formerly placed in Albizia

GABRIELA AVILES PERAZA Erik Koenen Ricarda Riina Colin Hughes Jens Ringelberg GERMAN CARNEVALI FERNANDEZ CONCHA Ivón Mercedes Ramírez Morillo Lilia Lorena Can Itza Iván Tamayo-Cen Jorge Humberto Ramírez Prado Xavier Cornejo Sawai Mattapha RODRIGO STEFANO DUNO (2022, [Artículo])

Following recent mimosoid phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies demonstrating the non-monophyly of the genus Albizia, we present a new molecular phylogeny focused on the neotropical species in the genus, with much denser taxon sampling than previous studies. Our aims were to test the monophyly of the neotropical section Arthrosamanea, resolve species relationships, and gain insights into the evolution of fruit morphology. We perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences of nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer regions and trace the evolution of fruit dehiscence and lomentiform pods. Our results find further support for the non-monophyly of the genus Albizia, and confirm the previously proposed segregation of

Hesperalbizia, Hydrochorea, Balizia and Pseudosamanea. All species that were sampled from section Arthrosamanea form a clade that is sister to a clade composed of Jupunba, Punjuba, Balizia and Hydrochorea. We find that lomentiform fruits are independently derived from indehiscent septate fruits in both Hydrochorea and section Arthrosamanea. Our results show that morphological adaptations to hydrochory, associated with shifts into seasonally flooded habitats, have occurred several times independently in different geographic areas and different lineages within the ingoid clade. This suggests that environmental conditions have likely played a key role in the evolution of fruit types in Albizia and related genera. We resurrect the name Pseudalbizzia to accommodate the species of section Arthrosamanea, except for two species that were not sampled here but have been shown in other studies to be more closely related to other ingoid genera and we restrict the name Albizia s.s. to the species from Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Twenty-one new nomenclatural combinations in Pseudalbizzia are proposed, including 16 species and 5 infraspecific varietal names. In addition to the type species Pseudalbizzia berteroana, the genus has 17 species distributed across tropical regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean. Finally, a new infrageneric classification into five sections is proposed and a distribution map of the species of Pseudalbizzia is presented.

ARTHROSAMANEA HYDROCHORY MONOPHYLY NEOTROPICS PHYLOGENY TAXONOMY BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) TAXONOMÍA VEGETAL TAXONOMÍA VEGETAL

El papel del juego en la domesticación de plantas

JAIME MARTINEZ CASTILLO EDUARDO PERALTA IDROVO FRANCISCO PERALTA IDROVO HERNAN PERALTA IDROVO ANDREA LEON CADENA (2022, [Artículo])

Cuando pensamos en la domesticación de plantas, es común que se nos venga a la mente especies que satisfacen las necesidades básicas del humano, como aquellas de uso alimenticio, medicinal y vestido; sin embargo, ¿Existen especies en donde el juego una actividad banal para muchas personasha sido parte de su domesticación? En este artículo revisamos este tema tan interesante usando información sobre las especies domesticadas de frijol (Phaseolus spp.) presentes en Sur América.

FRIJOL LUDICA PALLAR POROTO REGION ANDINA SUR AMERICA TORTA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Entretejiendo la historia biocultural del Agave cocui (Asparagaceae: Agavoideae) en Venezuela

SILVIA GOMEZ RANGEL (2022, [Artículo])

La presente contribución es un acercamiento a la historia biocultural del Agave cocui Trelease. En la América tropical (Neotrópico), pueblos indígenas y comunidades rurales evidencian una milenaria riqueza de conocimientos en el manejo y aprovechamiento de especies nativas. Sin embargo, los datos sobre A. cocui son fragmentarios e imprecisos. Desde la condición diacrónica de la antropología, son enunciadas y confrontadas diversas líneas de evidencias, a partir de la temprana descripción de Galeotto Cey en el siglo XVI y los orígenes amerindios de su nombre vernáculo. Revitalizar los conocimientos tradicionales sobre la especie contribuiría a mitigar eventuales impactos ambientales y a su aprovechamiento integral y sostenible.

ALIMENTO BEBIDA FERMENTADA CAQUETIO CORMO HORNEADO SUR AMERICA VICUYES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) at Cocos Island, Costa Rica and between oceanic islands in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Elena Nalesso (2019, [Artículo])

Many species of sharks form aggregations around oceanic islands, yet their levels of residency and their site specificity around these islands may vary. In some cases, the waters around oceanic islands have been designated as marine protected areas, yet the conservation value for threatened shark species will depend greatly on how much time they spend within these protected waters. Eighty-four scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith), were tagged with acoustic transmitters at Cocos Island between 2005–2013. The average residence index, expressed as a proportion of days present in our receiver array at the island over the entire monitoring period, was 0.52±0.31, implying that overall the sharks are strongly associated with the island. Residency was significantly greater at Alcyone, a shallow seamount located 3.6 km offshore from the main island, than at the other sites. Timing of presence at the receiver locations was mostly during daytime hours. Although only a single individual from Cocos was detected on a region-wide array, nine hammerheads tagged at Galapagos and Malpelo travelled to Cocos. The hammerheads tagged at Cocos were more resident than those visiting from elsewhere, suggesting that the Galapagos and Malpelo populations may use Cocos as a navigational waypoint or stopover during seasonal migrations to the coastal Central and South America. Our study demonstrates the importance of oceanic islands for this species, and shows that they may form a network of hotspots in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. © 2019 Nalesso et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

article, Cocos Island, human, monitoring, nonhuman, resident, shark, South America, animal, Costa Rica, environmental protection, island (geological), movement (physiology), physiology, season, shark, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Costa CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Fortalecimiento y puesta en marcha del observatorio de conflictos por el agua en México

Ricardo Víctor López Mera Rita Vázquez del Mercado Arribas Gemma Millán ROBERTO ROMERO PEREZ (2015, [Documento de trabajo])

El propósito del proyecto fue actualizar y mantener la base de datos del observatorio de conflictos por el agua, el cual muestra información sobre la problemática hídrica en el país. La información del observatorio está basada, principalmente, en fuentes hemerográficas de circulación nacional.

Conflictos por agua Sitios web Artículos periodísticos CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Infant population’s death causes in Ciudad Juarez, 1953-1954

Guadalupe Santiago Quijada (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article presents a study about the causes of death of the child population in Ciudad Juarez, at the beginning of the second half of the 20th century. In this document, emphasis has been placed on investigating the government response, on the activities carried out by local health institutions to deal with the diseases and prevent the number of infant deaths from continuing to increase; and in a particular way, in the actions of society to reduce suffering and protect children. Regarding the sources of information that were used, the data registered in the death books of 1953 and 1954 that are in the Civil Registry of Ciudad Juarez were explored and quantified. Also, the newspaper El Fronterizo and various bibliography were reviewed to establish the urban historical context in which this tragedy occurred.

Ciudad Juárez, salud, enfermedades, mortalidad infantil HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA Ciudad Juarez demographic history diseases infant mortality

Contrasting spatial patterns in active-fire and fire-suppressed mediterranean climate old-growth mixed conifer forests

Danny L. Fry  (2014, [Artículo])

In Mediterranean environments in western North America, historic fire regimes in frequent-fire conifer forests are highly variable both temporally and spatially. This complexity influenced forest structure and spatial patterns, but some of this diversity has been lost due to anthropogenic disruption of ecosystem processes, including fire. Information from reference forest sites can help management efforts to restore forests conditions that may be more resilient to future changes in disturbance regimes and climate. In this study, we characterize tree spatial patterns using four-ha stem maps from four old-growth, Jeffrey pine-mixed conifer forests, two with active-fire regimes in northwestern Mexico and two that experienced fire exclusion in the southern Sierra Nevada. Most of the trees were in patches, averaging six to 11 trees per patch at 0.007 to 0.014 ha-1, and occupied 27-46% of the study areas. Average canopy gap sizes (0.04 ha) covering 11-20% of the area were not significantly different among sites. The putative main effects of fire exclusion were higher densities of single trees in smaller size classes, larger proportion of trees (≥56%) in large patches (≥10 trees), and decreases in spatial complexity. While a homogenization of forest structure has been a typical result from fire exclusion, some similarities in patch, single tree, and gap attributes were maintained at these sites. These within-stand descriptions provide spatially relevant benchmarks from which to manage for structural heterogeneity in frequent-fire forest types.

article, climate, controlled study, ecosystem fire history, forest structure, geographic distribution, geographic mapping, land use, mathematical computing, mathematical model, Mexico, spatial analysis, taiga, United States, comparative study, conife CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Observatorio de conflictos por el agua en México

Ricardo Víctor López Mera EDUARDO LOPEZ RAMIREZ Gemma Millán (2015, [Documento de trabajo])

Este proyecto tuvo como fin construir y diseñar un sitio web para poder visualizar la problemática y conflictividad por el agua en México. Es decir, por un lado, ofrecer una herramienta de fácil acceso a las personas interesadas en estudiar y debatir sobre el tema. Por el otro, proponer una metodología basada en fuentes hemerográficas que ayude a localizar, entender y analizar las partes que componen un conflicto asociado al agua.

Conflictos por agua Sitios web Artículos periodísticos Informes de proyectos CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Populismo y democracia. Proximidad y lejanía

ROBERTO GARCIA JURADO (2023, [Artículo])

"La caída del Muro de Berlín en 1989 fue un acontecimiento mundial significativo, con importantes implicaciones en todos los campos de la vida social, en especial en el de la política. Parecía señalar el triunfo indiscutible de la ideología y las instituciones democráticas, tal y como se les entendía en el mundo occidental. Además, sea entreveía la consolidación definitiva de las llamadas democracias occidentales, que habían sobrevivido a la fuerte crisis económica de los años setenta, así como a todas sus secuelas sociales y políticas de los ochenta".

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SISTEMAS POLÍTICOS SISTEMAS POLÍTICOS: AREA AMERICANA SISTEMAS POLÍTICOS: AREA AMERICANA

Valor de uso y política. Bolívar Echeverría y la crítica marxista a lo político

SIMON ISHAN BENITEZ DRUENNE (2019, [Tesis de maestría])

La tesis busca trabajar sobre el concepto de política a partir de las aportaciones hechas al respecto por el profesor emérito de la Universidad Autónoma de México Bolívar Echeverría Andrade. Partiendo de los elementos que consideramos constituyen su crítica a lo político en la modernidad capitalista, el trabajo empieza por explorar las condiciones de necesidad para la existencia del fenómeno político en relación con la definición del ser del hombre desde el materialismo histórico y el existencialismo sartreano. En la segunda parte se profundiza en la crítica echeverríana a lo político a partir del análisis de las consecuencias que la actualización moderno capitalista tiene sobre el ejercicio de la autarquía humana y el trabajo útil.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA FILOSOFÍA FILOSOFÍA SOCIAL Bolívar Echeverría (1941-2010) Filósofos Latinoamericanos – Siglo XX Filosofía política Marxismo – Crítica e interpretación Materialismo histórico Existencialismo sartreano