Dimensiones morales del retorno de migrantes adultos mayores en Durango, México

PERLA VANESSA DE LOS SANTOS AMAYA (2023, [Artículo])

"El presente escrito tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre los argumentos morales que subyacen al retorno voluntario de personas mayores de Durango que vivieron y trabajaron en Estados Unidos de América. El acercamiento metodológico fue cualitativo, con 22 informantes mayores de 60 años de edad de diversos municipios del estado. Se encontró que, aunque este tipo de regreso se asume como un acto de libertad del sujeto, existen dimensiones estructurales, laborales, familiares y territoriales que determinan distintas lógicas para entender la llegada de connacionales en esta etapa de la vida. Se concluye que hay que abrir marcos de análisis sobre las migraciones y la vejez, dados los cambios crecientes en la dinámica global en que se insertan las movilidades humanas".

Moralidad. Decisión. Retorno voluntario. Envejecimiento. Vejez. CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA PROBLEMAS SOCIALES CALIDAD DE VIDA CALIDAD DE VIDA

Algorithmic differentiation of linear mixed models with variance-covariance structures

Fernando Henrique Toledo Jose Crossa Juan Burgueño Keith Gardner Rosa Angela Pacheco Gil (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MATHEMATICAL MODELS ALGORITHMS LINEAR MODELS

Can I speak to the manager? The gender dynamics of decision-making in Kenyan maize plots

Rachel Voss Zachary Gitonga Jason Donovan Mariana Garcia-Medina Pauline Muindi (2023, [Artículo])

Gender and social inclusion efforts in agricultural development are focused on making uptake of agricultural technologies more equitable. Yet research looking at how gender relations influence technology uptake often assumes that men and women within a household make farm management decisions as individuals. Relatively little is understood about the dynamics of agricultural decision-making within dual-adult households where individuals’ management choices are likely influenced by others in the household. This study used vignettes to examine decision-making related to maize plot management in 698 dual-adult households in rural Kenya. The results indicated a high degree of joint management of maize plots (55%), although some management decisions—notably those related to purchased inputs—were slightly more likely to be controlled by men, while other decisions—including those related to hiring of labor and maize end uses—were more likely to be made by women. The prevalence of joint decision-making underscores the importance of ensuring that both men’s and women’s priorities and needs are reflected in design and marketing of interventions to support maize production, including those related to seed systems, farmer capacity building, and input delivery.

Intrahousehold Jointness CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER HOUSEHOLDS MAIZE SEED SYSTEMS DECISION MAKING

Remedies for the Inconsistences in the Times of Execution of the Unsorted Database Search Algorithm within the Wave Approach

Manuel Ávila Aoki José Benito Elizalde Salas (2017, [Artículo])

The typical semiclassical wave version of the unsorted database search algorithm based on a system of coupled simple harmonic oscillators does not consider an important ingredient of Grovers original algorithm as it is quantum entanglement. The role of entanglement in the wave version of the unsorted database search algorithm is explored and contradictions with the time of execution of Grovers algorithm are found. We remedy the contradictions by employing two arguments, one of them qualitative and the other quantitative. For the qualitative argument we employ the probabilistic nature of a legitimate quantum algorithm and remedy the above inconsistence. Within the quantitative argument we identify a parameter in the wave version of the unsorted database search algorithm which is related to entanglement. The contradiction with the time of execution of Grovers algorithm is solved by choosing an appropriate values of such a parameter which incorporates entanglement to the wave version of the unsorted database search algorithm. The utility of the present arguments are evident if the wave version of the unsorted data base search algorithm is experimentally implemented through a system of N quantum dots with a harmonic oscillator potential as a confinement potential for each of the quantum dots. Each of the above N vibrating quantum dots must be coupled to an extra single vibrating quantum dot which entangles to all of them. In order to obtain optimal results, the coupling constants of the mentioned quantum dots should be adjusted in the way described in the present work.

Computación Unsorted database search Grover algorithm wave entanglement queries time Computación Unsorted database search Grover algorithm wave entanglement queries time INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

High spatial resolution seasonal crop yield forecasting for heterogeneous maize environments in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kindie Tesfaye Vakhtang Shelia Pierre C. Sibiry Traore Dawit Solomon Gerrit Hoogenboom (2023, [Artículo])

Seasonal climate variability determines crop productivity in Ethiopia, where rainfed smallholder farming systems dominate in the agriculture production. Under such conditions, a functional and granular spatial yield forecasting system could provide risk management options for farmers and agricultural and policy experts, leading to greater economic and social benefits under highly variable environmental conditions. Yet, there are currently only a few forecasting systems to support early decision making for smallholder agriculture in developing countries such as Ethiopia. To address this challenge, a study was conducted to evaluate a seasonal crop yield forecast methodology implemented in the CCAFS Regional Agricultural Forecasting Toolbox (CRAFT). CRAFT is a software platform that can run pre-installed crop models and use the Climate Predictability Tool (CPT) to produce probabilistic crop yield forecasts with various lead times. Here we present data inputs, model calibration, evaluation, and yield forecast results, as well as limitations and assumptions made during forecasting maize yield. Simulations were conducted on a 0.083° or ∼ 10 km resolution grid using spatially variable soil, weather, maize hybrids, and crop management data as inputs for the Cropping System Model (CSM) of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). CRAFT combines gridded crop simulations and a multivariate statistical model to integrate the seasonal climate forecast for the crop yield forecasting. A statistical model was trained using 29 years (1991–2019) data on the Nino-3.4 Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) as gridded predictors field and simulated maize yields as the predictand. After model calibration the regional aggregated hindcast simulation from 2015 to 2019 performed well (RMSE = 164 kg/ha). The yield forecasts in both the absolute and relative to the normal yield values were conducted for the 2020 season using different predictor fields and lead times from a grid cell to the national level. Yield forecast uncertainties were presented in terms of cumulative probability distributions. With reliable data and rigorous calibration, the study successfully demonstrated CRAFT's ability and applicability in forecasting maize yield for smallholder farming systems. Future studies should re-evaluate and address the importance of the size of agricultural areas while comparing aggregated simulated yields with yield data collected from a fraction of the target area.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP MODELLING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FORECASTING MAIZE

Gestión de los monumentos históricos de propiedad pública en el Centro Histórico de Morelia, 1991-2019

Gauri Ivette García Medina (2020, [Tesis de maestría])

Facultad de Arquitectura. Maestría en Arquitectura, Investigación y Restauración de Sitios y Monumentos

The conservation of the architectural heritage that is under the custody of the Mexican government has not been fully observed as a problem for the administration in this country. Apparently, avoiding the physical deterioration of public monuments, located in federal protection zones, has been a successful task. In contrast to this general perception, the way in which changes in government administration generate ruptures and disengagement in planning regarding ways to protect the architectural heritage was observed from the local level. That is why this research carries out a timely review, evidencing the problem that exists around government management to conserve monuments in the Historic Center of Morelia, from its incorporation as a site in the world heritage list in 1991 until the year of 2019 where a turn of national politics manifests. In order to identify, the level of incidence of the government to carry out actions around the protection of publicly owned historical monuments; The changes of political visions in the different administrative procedures are characterized by evaluating the physical state of the buildings and documenting the way in which the local vision has been gradually transformed in favor of its conservation. By contrasting the political will of several administrations with the restorations in the architectural facts, the methodological proposal provides a broadening of the spectrum of analysis. Which has the possibility of being used prior to practical decision making for asset protection. The review of the units of analysis revealed that the lack of continuity in government management around the heritage violates the conservation processes.

La conservación de patrimonio arquitectónico que se encuentra bajo resguardo del gobierno mexicano no ha sido considerada como una circunstancia digna de atención para las entidades encargadas del mismo. En apariencia, consideran que ha sido una tarea exitosa su labor de evitar el deterioro físico de los monumentos públicos ubicados en zonas de protección federal. En contraste a esta percepción generalizada, desde el ámbito local ha podido observarse que los cambios de administración de gobierno sólo han generado rupturas y desvinculaciones en la planeación respecto de las formas de proteger el patrimonio arquitectónico. Por ello, la presente investigación realiza una revisión puntual sobre dicha situación, evidenciando la problemática que existe en torno de la gestión gubernamental para conservar monumentos en el Centro Histórico de Morelia. El trabajo indaga en el periodo que va de 1991, cuando fue incorporado en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, al año de 2019, donde se hizo patente un cambio de dirección en la política nacional. Con el objetivo de identificar el grado de incidencia del gobierno en las acciones relacionadas con la protección de monumentos históricos de propiedad pública, se analizan y definen las visiones políticas de las diferentes gestiones administrativas mediante la evaluación del estado físico de los inmuebles y se documenta la evolución paulatina de la visión local a favor de la conservación de los mismos. La propuesta metodológica del presente trabajo busca contrastar la voluntad política de varias administraciones con las restauraciones llevadas a cabo sobre los hechos arquitectónicos, logrando aportar un espectro de análisis más amplio. Así, se tiene posibilidad de utilizarla como base para tomar decisiones prácticas para la protección patrimonial. La revisión de las unidades de análisis reveló que la falta de continuidad en la gestión gubernamental en torno al patrimonio vulnera los procesos de conservación.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA FA-M-2020-0241 Conservación arquitectónica Monumento público Visión política Agentes de decisión

Closing the yield gap of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) in Southern Africa: a case of Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique

Siyabusa Mkuhlani Isaiah Nyagumbo (2023, [Artículo])

Introduction: Smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are increasingly producing soybean for food, feed, cash, and soil fertility improvement. Yet, the difference between the smallholder farmers’ yield and either the attainable in research fields or the potential from crop models is wide. Reasons for the yield gap include low to nonapplication of appropriate fertilizers and inoculants, late planting, low plant populations, recycling seeds, etc. Methods: Here, we reviewed the literature on the yield gap and the technologies for narrowing it and modelled yields through the right sowing dates and suitable high-yielding varieties in APSIM. Results and Discussion: Results highlighted that between 2010 and 2020 in SSA, soybean production increased; however, it was through an expansion in the cropped area rather than a yield increase per hectare. Also, the actual smallholder farmers’ yield was 3.8, 2.2, and 2.3 times lower than the attainable yield in Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique, respectively. Through inoculants, soybean yield increased by 23.8%. Coupling this with either 40 kg ha−1 of P or 60 kg ha−1 of K boosted the yields by 89.1% and 26.0%, respectively. Overall, application of 21–30 kg ha-1 of P to soybean in SSA could increase yields by about 48.2%. Furthermore, sowing at the right time increased soybean yield by 300%. Although these technologies enhance soybean yields, they are not fully embraced by smallholder farmers. Hence, refining and bundling them in a digital advisory tool will enhance the availability of the correct information to smallholder farmers at the right time and improve soybean yields per unit area.

Decision Support Tools Digital Tools Site-Specific Recommendations CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LEGUMES YIELDS SOYBEANS

A line follower robot implementation using Lego's Mindstorms Kit and Q-Learning

VICTOR RICARDO CRUZ ALVAREZ ENRIQUE HIDALGO PEÑA HECTOR GABRIEL ACOSTA MESA (2012, [Artículo])

Un problema común al trabajar con robots móviles es que la fase de programación puede ser un proceso largo, costoso y difícil para los programadores. Los Algoritmos de Aprendizaje por Refuerzo ofrecen uno de los marcos de trabajo más generales en el ámbito de aprendizaje de máquina. Este trabajo presenta un enfoque usando el algoritmo de Q-Learning en un robot Lego para que aprenda "por sí mismo" a seguir una línea negra dibujada en una superficie blanca. El entorno de programación utilizado en este trabajo es Matlab.

INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA Algoritmos de aprendizaje reforzado Q-learning (Algoritmo de aprendizaje reforzado) Lego Mindstorms (Robótica) Matlab Reinforcement learning algorithms Q-Learning (Reinforcement learning algorithm) Lego Mindstorms (Robotics) Matlab

Seasonal climate forecasts (SCFs) based risk management strategies: A case study of rainfed rice cultivation in India

Nand Lal Kushwaha Paresh Shirsath Dipaka Ranjan Sena (2022, [Artículo])

FResampler1 Seasonal Climate Forecasts Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS YIELDS RICE RISK MANAGEMENT

Búsqueda de un conjunto óptimo de descriptores moleculares para la modelación QSAR

Search for an optimal subset of molecular descriptors for QSAR modeling

Luis Antonio García González (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

En la actualidad, se estima que más de 10 millones de vertebrados son utilizados cada año en estudios toxicológicos. Dadas estas circunstancias, varias agencias regulatorias están impulsando activamente a la comunidad científica para el desarrollo de una alternativa a la experimentación con animales. Entre las alternativas existentes se pueden encontrar los estudios in-silico, especialmente los métodos de Relación Cuantitativa Estructura-Actividad (QSAR por sus siglas en inglés), los cuales se destacan como uno de los más utilizados. Los estudios QSAR se basan en la hipótesis de que compuestos estructuralmente similares presentan una actividad similar, lo que permite predecir la actividad de nuevos compuestos en función de compuestos estructuralmente similares, para los cuales se definió su actividad de forma experimental. Estudios han demostrado que la selección del subconjunto “óptimo” de las variables (descriptores moleculares) que caracterizan estructuralmente los compuestos tiene mayor importancia para la construcción de un modelo QSAR robusto que la estrategia de modelación utilizada. Actualmente, los descriptores moleculares (DMs) utilizados para la modelación QSAR son calculados con herramientas computacionales que no tienen en cuenta si estos caracterizan bien la actividad que se quiere modelar y los compuestos que se están analizando. En este trabajo se describen las limitaciones del enfoque actual, teniendo en cuenta que, si se sigue este enfoque, se puede pasar por alto información relevante al suponer que el conjunto de DMs calculado caracteriza bien las estructuras químicas que se están analizando, cuando en realidad puede que esto no suceda. Estas limitaciones se deben principalmente a que dichas herramientas limitan el número de DMs que calculan, restringiendo el dominio de los parámetros en los que se definen los algoritmos que calculan los DMs, parámetros que definen el Espacio de Configuración de Descriptores (DCS por sus siglas en inglés). En este trabajo se propone relajar estas restricciones en un enfoque DCS abierto, de manera que se pueda considerar inicialmente un universo más amplio de DMs y que estos caractericen de manera adecuada las estructuras a modelar. La generación de DMs se aborda entonces como un problema de optimización multicriterio, y para darle solución, dos algoritmos evolutivos son propuestos. Estos algoritmos incluyen conceptos de coevolución cooperativa para medir la sinergia entre descriptores moleculares ...

Currently, it is estimated that more than 10 million vertebrates are used per year for toxicological studies. Numerous regulatory agencies are actively advocating for the development of alternative methods to avoid unnecessary experimentation on animals. Among the existing alternatives in silico studies, especially Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) methods, stands out as one ofthe most widely used approaches. QSAR Methods are based on the premise that molecules with similar structures presents similar activities, which makes it possible to predict the activity of new compounds based on structurally similar compounds, for which their activity has been defined experimentally. Studies have demonstrated that the selection of the “optimal” set of molecular descriptors (MDs) is more important to build a robust QSAR models than the choice of the learning algorithm. Nowadays, the molecular descriptors (MD) used for QSAR modeling are calculated using computational tools that do not consider whether they accurately characterize the activity to be modeled and the compounds being analyzed. We demonstrate here that this approach may miss relevant information by assuming that the initial universe of MDs codifies, when it does not, all relevant aspects for the respective learning task. We argue that the limitation is mainly because of the constrained intervals of the parameters used in the algorithms that compute the MDs, parameters that define the Descriptor Configuration Space (DCS). We propose to relax these constraints in an open CDS approach, so that a larger universe of MDs can initially be considered, and these descriptors can adequately characterize the structures to be modeled. We model the MD generation as a multicriteria optimization problem, and two genetic algorithms-based approaches are proposed to solve it. These algorithms include cooperative-coevolutionary concepts to consider the synergism between theoretically different MDs during the evolutionary process. As a novel component, the individual fitness function is computed by aggregating four criteria via the Choquet Integral using a fuzzy non-additive measure. Experimental outcomes on benchmarking chemical datasets show that models created from an “optimized” sets of MDs present greater probability to achieve better performances than models created from sets of MDs obtained without optimizing their DCSs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithms are more suitable ..

algoritmos genéticos, descriptores moleculares QuBiLS-MAS, QSAR, DILI, cooperación coevolutiva genetics algorithms, QuBiLS-MAS molecular descriptors, QSAR, DILI, cooperativecoevolutionary algorithms INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ORDENADORES DISEÑO CON AYUDA DE ORDENADOR DISEÑO CON AYUDA DE ORDENADOR