Trends in intimate partner, school, and work violence against women in Chihuahua, 2003-2021

Rogelio Rodriguez Nemesio Castillo (2023)

This article presents a description and analysis of the trends of violence against women in Chihuahua between 2003 and 2021, employing data from the National Survey of the Dynamics of Household Relationships (Endireh by its acronym in Spanish) for the years 2003, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021. The areas chosen for this analysis were intimate partner, school, and workplace. Certain increases and reductions of the problem were observed over time in these areas. Based on the results, recommendations are made for future studies on the topic and public policies to address violence against women.

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Artículo

Violence Women Trends Chihuahua ENDIREH Violencia Mujeres Tendencias CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

CIMMYT seed systems Interventions

&

lessons to Pakistan

AbduRahman Issa (2023)

Conference object

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SYSTEMS VALUE CHAINS POLICIES HYBRIDS MAIZE WOMEN FARMERS

Sustainability evaluation of contrasting milpa systems in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Tania Carolina Camacho Villa (2023)

The milpa agroecosystem is an intercropping of maize, beans, squash and other crops, developed in Mesoamerica, and its adoption is widely variable across climates and regions. An example of particular interest is the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, which holds highly diverse milpas, drawing on ancestral Mayan knowledge. Traditional milpas have been described as sustainable resource management models, based on long rotations within a slash-and-burn cycle in forest areas. Nevertheless, due to modernization and intensification processes, new variants of the approach have appeared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of three milpa systems (traditional, continuous, and mechanized) in four case studies across the Peninsula, with emphasis on food self-sufficiency, social inclusion and adoption of innovations promoted by a development project. The Framework for the Evaluation of Agroecosystems using Indicators (MESMIS, for its Spanish acronym) was used for its flexible, participatory approach. A common group of indicators was developed despite regional differences between study cases, with a high level of farmer participation throughout the iterative process. The results show lower crop yields in traditional systems, but with lower inputs costs and pesticide use. In contrast, continuous milpas had higher value in terms of crop diversity, food security, social inclusion, and innovation adoption. Mechanized milpas had lower weed control costs. Profitability of cash crops and the proportion of forest were high in all systems. Highly adopted innovations across milpa types and study cases included spatial crop arrangement and the use of residues as mulches. However, most innovations are not adapted to local conditions, and do not address climate change. Further, women and youth participation is low, especially in traditional systems.

Article

Milpa Intensification Processes Women and Youth Participation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SUSTAINABILITY INTERCROPPING FOOD SECURITY INNOVATION SOCIAL INCLUSION AGROECOSYSTEMS CASE STUDIES

Gender analysis of household seed security : A case of maize and wheat seed systems in Nepal

Hom Nath Gartaula (2022)

Book

Seed Security Mountains CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SYSTEMS MAIZE WHEAT ROLE OF WOMEN WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION

Women, economic resilience, gender norms in a time of climate change: what do we know?

Cathy Farnworth Anne Rietveld Rachel Voss Angela Meentzen (2023)

This literature delves into 82 research articles, published between 2016 and 2022, to develop a deep understanding of how women manage their lives and livelihoods within their agrifood systems when these systems are being affected, sometimes devastatingly, by climate change. The Findings show that four core gender norms affect the ability of women to achieve economic resilience in the face of climate change operate in agrifood production systems. Each of these gender norms speaks to male privilege: (i) Men are primary decision-makers, (ii) Men are breadwinners, (iii) Men control assets, and (iv) Men are food system actors. These gender norms are widely held and challenge women’s abilities to become economically resilient. These norms are made more powerful still because they fuse with each other and act on multiple levels, and they serve to support other norms which limit women’s scope to act. It is particularly noteworthy that many institutional actors, ranging from community decision-makers to development partners, tend to reinforce rather than challenge gender norms because they do not critically review their own assumptions.

However, the four gender norms cited are not hegemonic. First, there is limited and intriguing evidence that intersectional identities can influence women’s resilience in significant ways. Second, gender norms governing women’s roles and power in agrifood systems are changing in response to climate change and other forces, with implications for how women respond to future climate shocks. Third, paying attention to local realities is important – behaviours do not necessarily substantiate local norms. Fourth, women experience strong support from other women in savings groups, religious organisations, reciprocal labour, and others. Fifth, critical moments, such as climate disasters, offer potentially pivotal moments of change which could permit women unusually high levels of agency to overcome restrictive gender norms without being negatively sanctioned. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

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Economic Resilience Intersectional Identities Women Groups Support CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ECONOMICS RESILIENCE CLIMATE CHANGE GENDER NORMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS WOMEN

Hub meeting Honduras: Gestión de la red de innovación en el occidente y oriente de Honduras. ¿Porque genero e inclusion social en Agrilac?

Angela Meentzen (2023)

Conference object

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER EQUALITY FOOD SYSTEMS CLIMATE CHANGE WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION

Necessity as a driver in bending agricultural gender norms in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia

Pragya Timsina Emma Karki Brendan Brown (2023)

The majority of the farmers in the rural Global South continue to depend directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Despite the fact that women account for almost half of the world's farmers, they face gender-specific challenges such as deeply rooted cultural and social norms that limit their access to land, assets, financial markets, agricultural training, and information. Using semi-structured interviews with farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains, this study investigates how necessity is becoming one of the major drivers in the bending of agricultural gender norms. The study investigates the connections between feminist political ecology and agricultural technology production frameworks in order to comprehend the implications of technology adoption and influences on gender norms in communities. Women's participation in agriculture was found to be heavily influenced by social and cultural barriers, and they were frequently subjected to social criticism for breaking the systemic gender norms. This paper emphasizes on the growing pattern of bending gender norms with recommendations for increasing women's participation and scope in future agriculture development initiatives through policies and interventions that emphasize gender equity.

Article

Social Barriers Cultural Barriers Feminist Political Ecology CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENDER NORMS WOMEN FARMERS AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY

Economic inequality and the impact of cash transfers in the state of Veracruz, México, 2008 to 2020

José Alejandro Pérez-Nájera Rogelio Javier Rendón Hernández (2023)

Income inequality in Mexico is extremely high and the federal states are considerably heterogeneous, which is why a regional analysis allows us to identify the fundamental characteristics, trends, and regional conditions for the implementation of redistributive policies.  We used microdata from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) to analyze the evolution of income inequality in the state of Veracruz during the 2008-2020 period; To identify its sources and investigate how it was affected by monetary transfers, the income decomposition method is used to identify the ENIGH income sources and investigate preliminary COVID-19 effects. The results show evidence of a decrease in inequality in the period; relatively and marginally, it is identified that the observed decrease can be attributed to cash transfers. In recent years, transfers represented 30% of the income of the lowest deciles (I, II, and III) and the income elasticity of the Gini coefficient indicates that their increase represents a decrease in inequality.

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Artículo

Desigualdad ingresos monetarios elasticidad del ingreso Políticas Sociales distribución del ingreso CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Cash transfers income elasticities inequality monetary income

Unpacking the intra-household decision-making process among wheat growers in Bihar, India

Hom Nath Gartaula (2022)

Conference object

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT CROP MANAGEMENT SMALLHOLDERS GENDER HOUSEHOLDS

Worldwide selection footprints for drought and heat in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Ana Luisa Gómez Espejo Carolina Sansaloni Juan Burgueño Fernando Henrique Toledo Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza M. Humberto Reyes-Valdés (2022)

Article

Genome–Environment Associations Climatic Variables Hormonal Elicitors CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ADAPTATION DROUGHT STRESS HEAT STRESS LANDRACES TRITICUM AESTIVUM