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Genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Striga hermonthica resistance in pearl millet

Hussein Shimelis Chris Ojiewo Abhishek Rathore (2023, [Artículo])

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is a nutrient-dense, relatively drought-tolerant cereal crop cultivated in dry regions worldwide. The crop is under-researched, and its grain yield is low (< 0.8 tons ha−1) and stagnant in the major production regions, including Burkina Faso. The low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributable to a lack of improved varieties, Striga hermonthica [Sh] infestation, downy mildew infection, and recurrent heat and drought stress. Developing high-yielding and Striga-resistant pearl millet varieties that satisfy the farmers’ and market needs requires the identification of yield-promoting genes linked to economic traits to facilitate marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. The objective of this study was to undertake genome-wide association analyses of agronomic traits and Sh resistance among 150 pearl millet genotypes to identify genetic markers for marker-assisted breeding and trait introgression. The pearl millet genotypes were phenotyped in Sh hotspot fields and screen house conditions. Twenty-nine million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) initially generated from 345 pearl millet genotypes were filtered, and 256 K SNPs were selected and used in the present study. Phenotypic data were collected on days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, panicle weight, thousand-grain weight, grain weight, number of emerged Striga and area under the Striga number progress curve (ASNPC). Agronomic and Sh parameters were subjected to combined analysis of variance, while genome-wide association analysis was performed on phenotypic and SNPs data. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were detected among the assessed pearl millet genotypes for Sh parameters and agronomic traits. Further, there were significant genotype by Sh interaction for the number of Sh and ASNPC. Twenty-eight SNPs were significantly associated with a low number of emerged Sh located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7. Four SNPs were associated with days-to-50%-flowering on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7, while five were associated with panicle length on chromosomes 2, 3, and 4. Seven SNPs were linked to thousand-grain weight on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6. The putative SNP markers associated with a low number of emerged Sh and agronomic traits in the assessed genotypes are valuable genomic resources for accelerated breeding and variety deployment of pearl millet with Sh resistance and farmer- and market-preferred agronomic traits.

High-Yielding Varieties Striga-Resistant Agronomic Parameters CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES STRIGA HERMONTHICA PEARL MILLET

LA GASTRITIS EN AMATLÁN, MORELOS DE EMOCIONES, ELECCIONES Y CONDICIONES PARA TRATARLA

Everardo Urquiza Martínez (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

"En México, la quinta causa de morbilidad son las úlceras, gastritis y duodenitis según el anuario epidemiológico de la Secretaria de salud del 2021. Desde la perspectiva biomédica, la gastritis es una enfermedad que provoca un aumento en la producción de ácido gástrico, produciendo lesiones en el estómago. Se considera que se puede presentar de forma crónica o aguda. La etiología biomédica remite sus causas a la bacteria Helycobacter Pylori, malos hábitos alimenticios y de consumo, lesiones internas, como consecuencia de otras enfermedades y por nerviosismo (Valdivia, 2011). Su diagnóstico usualmente se realiza mediante inspección médica sin exámenes o pruebas de laboratorio y, si bien se controlan los síntomas, su cronicidad depende de otros múltiples factores que intentaremos averiguar (Valdivia, 2011). Por otro lado, la psicología la considera una enfermedad psicosomática, según el psicólogo y antropólogo Sergio López (2002), vinculada al estrés, ansiedad y nerviosismo. Según curanderos locales de Amatlán de Quetzalcóatl, Morelos, dicha enfermedad es un padecimiento recurrente en el pueblo, que forma parte del municipio de Tepoztlán. Dado que la gastritis es una de las enfermedades más comunes en México y se asocia a malestares emocionales en su acepción psicológica y popular, la intención es averiguar cómo las personas enfermas con gastritis construyen y representan socioculturalmente la enfermedad, indagando la perspectiva provista por los curadores, explorando la relación de su vida cotidiana, sus emociones y las condicionantes estructurales para tratarla y vivir con ella mediante los recursos disponibles. La idea es analizar los aspectos subjetivos del padecimiento mediante el entramado emocional, que conlleva nociones de sentido y significaciones culturales interiorizadas que moldean el horizonte afectivo local".

Gastritis - Aspectos nutricionales. Gastritis - Tratamiento - Amatlán, Morelos. Medicina tradicional - Morelos - Amatlán. Gastritis - Aspectos psicológicos. Tesis - Maestría en Antropología Social, CDMX. CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA PROBLEMAS SOCIALES ENFERMEDAD ENFERMEDAD