Research for development approaches in mixed crop-livestock systems of the Ethiopian highlands

Million Gebreyes James Hammond Lulseged Tamene Getachew Agegnehu Rabe Yahaya Anthony Whitbread (2023, [Artículo])

This study presents processes and success stories that emerged from Africa RISING's Research for Development project in the Ethiopian Highlands. The project has tested a combination of participatory tools at multiple levels, with systems thinking and concern for sustainable and diversified livelihoods. Bottom-up approaches guided the selection of technological interventions that could address the priority farming system challenges of the communities, leading to higher uptake levels and increased impact. Joint learning, appropriate technology selection, and the creation of an enabling environment such as the formation of farmer research groups, the establishment of innovation platforms, and capacity development for institutional and technical innovations were key to this study. The study concludes by identifying key lessons that focus more on matching innovations to community needs and geographies, systems orientation/integration of innovations, stepwise approaches to enhance the adoption of innovations, documenting farmers' capacity to modify innovations, building successful partnerships, and facilitating wider scaling of innovations for future implementation of agricultural research for development projects.

Action Research Systems Thinking CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS SCALING UP INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

Monitoreo e Instalación visual de señales a un motor eléctrico de inducción de instalación trifásica de forma jaula de ardilla, mediante la implementación de tecnología industria 4.0

Luis Ricardo Uribe Dávila (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Vivimos la industria 4.0, misma que no es nueva, ya que sus orígenes se remontan a finales de la década de los 2000, en Alemania. Un pilar de la industria 4.0 es el análisis de datos, conocido como Big Data. El conocer los datos de un proceso, de un estudio, ayuda en gran medida a predecir el comportamiento que tendrá el proceso o la máquina a estudiar en un periodo a corto o mediano plazo. En el presente proyecto se analizan los datos arrojados por un motor eléctrico de corriente alterna, del tipo inducción, jaula de ardilla. El motor está diseñado para trabajar de manera continua, sin embargo, el uso que se le da, es meramente educativo; es decir, no sobre pasa las 15 horas por semana de uso. Mediante la toma de datos de las tres fases de corriente RMS o corriente de valor eficaz que posee el motor eléctrico que se realizará con el microcontrolador Arduino UNO, se analizarán los mismos mediante el software de cómputo numérico MATLAB, ordenando los datos, descartando valores que no aporten información relevante para lograr la predicción de datos. Por último, se llevará a conocer este proyecto a la carrera mecatrónica, área sistemas de manufactura flexible y área automatización, con el fin de que puedan observar de una mejor manera la aplicación y funcionamiento de uno de los pilares de la actual industria 4.0.

We live in industry 4.0, which is not new, since its origins date back to the late 2000s, in Germany. One pillar of industry 4.0 is data analysis, known as Big Data. Knowing the data of a process, of a study, helps greatly to predict the behavior that the process or machine will have to study in a short- or medium-term period. This project analyzes the data released by an electric motor of alternating current, of the type induction, squirrel cage. The engine is designed to work continuously, however, the use given to it is merely educational, that is; only not over spends 15 hours per week of use. By taking data from the three phases of RMS current or effective value current of the electric motor that will be made with the Arduino UNO micro controller, they will be analyzed using MATLAB numerical computing software, ordering the data, discarding values that do not provide relevant information to achieve data prediction. Finally, this project will be presented to the mechatronics career, flexible manufacturing systems area and automation area, so that they can observe in a better way the application and operation of one of the pillars of the current industry 4.0.

Mantenimiento predictivo Regresión lineal Industria 4.0 Big data Corriente RMS Predictive maintenance Linear regression Industry 4.0 Big data RMS Current INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Red de plataformas de Investigacion MasAgro: resultados PV2016 y OI 2016-17

Simon Fonteyne (2018, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH PROJECTS

Sistema de visión para detección de fallas de calidad en la identificación de etiquetas en una línea de producción del giro automotriz

Vision system for the detection of quality failures in the identification of labels in an automotive production line

José Rodrigo Hernández Laguna Jorge Adan Romero Guerrero CAROLINA RETA CASTRO (2023, [Artículo])

Este artículo presenta la implementación de un sistema de visión para la detección de fallas en la identificación de etiquetas en una línea de producción de motores eléctricos de confort para vehículos. Anteriormente, la línea de producción dependía completamente de la inspección visual realizada por un operador. La solución propuesta considera tanto los aspectos técnicos del sistema de visión como otros factores clave para asegurar la calidad del proceso, como: las políticas de aseguramiento de calidad de las normas automotrices vigentes en México (IATF 6949:2016 e ISO9000), la mejora continua, la estadística, la ergonomía y la estandarización de procesos. Los resultados demuestran el éxito de la implementación. El sistema demostró ser efectivo al identificar las fallas de manera precisa; se logró una reducción significativa en el número prioritario de riesgo en el análisis y modo de efectos de falla; y se logró una reducción en la estadística de fallas internas y con el cliente, de 2021 a 2022.

Sistema de visión Análisis y modo de efectos de falla Inspección de defectos Industria automotriz Vision system Analysis and failure effects mode Defect inspection Automotive industry INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Evaluation of multiple satellite precipitation products for rainfed maize production systems over Vietnam

Paresh Shirsath Dakshina Murthy Kadiyala (2022, [Artículo])

Rainfall Datasets Satellite Rainfall Estimates CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RAIN RAINFED FARMING DATA SATELLITES

The contribution of strong and weak ties to resilience: The case of small-scale maize farming systems in Mexico

Tania Carolina Camacho Villa Ernesto Adair Zepeda Villarreal Julio Díaz-José Roberto Rendon-Medel Bram Govaerts (2023, [Artículo])

Social Network Analysis Farm Typologies Social Ties Strong Ties CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INNOVATION NETWORKS PERSISTENCE SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS MAIZE FARMING SYSTEMS

Impact of different on-farm management practices on bread wheat quality: a case study in the Yaqui Valley

Facundo Tabbita Iván Ortíz-Monasterios Francisco Javier Pinera-Chavez Maria Itria Ibba Carlos Guzman (2023, [Artículo])

BACKGROUND: Continuous development of new wheat varieties is necessary to satisfy the demands of farmers, industry, and consumers. The evaluation of candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on-farm conditions is a strategy that has been strongly recommended to assess the performance and stability of new cultivars in heterogeneous environments and under different farming systems. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the grain yield and quality performance of ten different genotypes across six contrasting farmers' field conditions with different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization levels, and to develop suggestions to aid breeding programs and farmers to use resources more efficiently. Genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) interaction biplot analyses were used to identify the genotypes with the strongest performance and greatest stability in the Yaqui Valley. RESULTS: Analyses showed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect, others by the field management conditions, and the rest by combined effects. The most representative and diverse field conditions in the Yaqui Valley were also identified, a useful strategy when breeders have limited resources. The independent effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels and their interaction were analyzed for each trait. The results showed that full irrigation was not always necessary to maximize grain yield in the Yaqui Valley. Other suggestions for more efficient use of resources are proposed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of on-farm trials with GGE interaction analyses is an effective strategy to include in breeding programs to improve processes and resources. Identifying the most outstanding and stable genotypes under real on-farm systems is key to the development of novel cultivars adapted to different management and environmental conditions.

Wheat Quality Bread Wheat Bread-Making CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOFT WHEAT QUALITY FARMING SYSTEMS

Agroecology can promote climate change adaptation outcomes without compromising yield in smallholder systems

Sieglinde Snapp Yodit Kebede Eva Wollenberg (2023, [Artículo])

A critical question is whether agroecology can promote climate change mitigation and adaptation outcomes without compromising food security. We assessed the outcomes of smallholder agricultural systems and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) against 35 mitigation, adaptation, and yield indicators by reviewing 50 articles with 77 cases of agroecological treatments relative to a baseline of conventional practices. Crop yields were higher for 63% of cases reporting yields. Crop diversity, income diversity, net income, reduced income variability, nutrient regulation, and reduced pest infestation, indicators of adaptative capacity, were associated with 70% or more of cases. Limited information on climate change mitigation, such as greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration impacts, was available. Overall, the evidence indicates that use of organic nutrient sources, diversifying systems with legumes and integrated pest management lead to climate change adaptation in multiple contexts. Landscape mosaics, biological control (e.g., enhancement of beneficial organisms) and field sanitation measures do not yet have sufficient evidence based on this review. Widespread adoption of agroecological practices and system transformations shows promise to contribute to climate change services and food security in LMICs. Gaps in adaptation and mitigation strategies and areas for policy and research interventions are finally discussed.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE CROPS FOOD SUPPLY GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES FARMING SYSTEMS AGROECOLOGY FOOD SECURITY LESS FAVOURED AREAS SMALLHOLDERS YIELDS NUTRIENTS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL CARBON SEQUESTRATION LEGUMES

How diverse are farming systems on the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia? A multi-metric and multi-country assessment

Brendan Brown Pragya Timsina Emma Karki (2023, [Artículo])

While crop diversification has many benefits and is a stated government objective across the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia, the complexity of assessment has led to a rather limited understanding on the progress towards, and status of, smallholder crop diversification. Most studies focus on specific commodities or report as part of a singular index, use outdated secondary data, or implement highly localized studies, leading to broad generalisations and a lack of regional comparison. We collected representative primary data with more than 5000 households in 55 communities in Eastern Nepal, West Bengal (India) and Northwest Bangladesh to explore seasonally based diversification experiences and applied novel metrics to understand the nuanced status of farm diversification. While 66 crops were commercially grown across the region, only five crops and three crop families were widely grown (Poaceae, Malvaceae, and Brassicaceae). Non-cereal diversification across the region was limited (1.5 crops per household), though regional differentiation were evident particularly relating to livestock and off-farm activities, highlighting the importance of cross border studies. In terms of farmer's largest commercial plots, 20% of systems contained only rice, and 57% contained only rice/wheat/maize, with substantial regional diversity present. This raises concerns regarding the extent of commercially oriented high value and non-cereal diversification, alongside opportunities for diversification in the under-diversified pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Future promotional efforts may need to focus particularly on legumes to ensure the future sustainability and viability of farming systems.

Agricultural Production Systems Farming Systems Change CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CROPPING SYSTEMS DIVERSIFICATION FARMING SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION

THE RIGHT TO THE CITY AND URBAN-RURAL LINKAGES. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF TUXTLA GUTIERREZ, CHIAPAS.

Briseida Corzo Rivera Gabriel Castañeda Nolasco (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Access to water is a common struggle of the communities in the state of Chiapas, with the effects of urban expansion these struggles increase and with them the challenges that these populations already face, having a greater impact on the rural environment. The struggles to satisfy this basic need are a factor that has triggered processes that promote community participation. Based on a qualitative analysis, this paper compares two existing forms of participation in the rural communities of the Metropolitan Area of Tuxtla Gutierrez that allow the population to manage actions to improve their quality of life. The objective is to analyze how these processes promote or restrict the empowerment of the community and allow progress, not only in the population's access to water, but also in the construction of the right to the city. From the urban-rural linkages, the right to the city is discussed beyond the city, addressing other territories. The study identifies factors that show changes in the participation of the populations and strengthen the community, as well as factors in the relationships of the community and of the community with other actors that limit the scope of the processes.

Participation Right to the city Urban-rural linkages Access to water participación, derecho a la ciudad, vínculos urbano-rurales, acceso al agua. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES