Leveraging the self-heating effect of ntc thermistor to detect its minimum coverage by a dispensed paste in the mass production process of temperature sensors

Saúl Alejandro Rodríguez Jiménez LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

This paper develops a device capable of confirming the minimum coverage area on a thermistor by a thermal paste dispensed and cured in the manufacturing process of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) temperature sensors to provide the required fixation in the presence of mechanical shock conditions. Such a device leverages the thermistor’s self-heating effect and the thermal conductivity of the paste to read the voltage drop from the sensor, which translates into paste coverage area. The methodology follows a synthesized procedure to develop equipment and processes, considering an early phase for concept confirmation to demonstrate the feasibility of the device development. In a later phase, the optimal parameters are calculated and set to the device for delivering the corresponding classification of the sensors during the test. Once launched in production, the device demonstrates high effectiveness in screening out the sensors with rejectable paste coverage area on the thermistor.

Self-heating effect Thermistor Paste Temperature sensor Heat dissipation INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Impact of automation on enhancing energy quality in grid-connected photovoltaic systems

Virgilio Alfonso Murillo Rodríguez NOE VILLA VILLASEÑOR José Manuel Robles Solís OA Guirette-Barbosa (2023, [Artículo])

Rapid growth in the integration of new consumers into the electricity sector, particularly in the industrial sector, has necessitated better control of the electricity supply and of the users’ op-erating conditions to guarantee an adequate quality of service as well as the unregulated dis-turbances that have been generated in the electrical network that can cause significant failures, breakdowns and interruptions, causing considerable expenses and economic losses. This research examines the characteristics of electrical variations in equipment within a company in the industrial sector, analyzes the impact generated within the electrical system according to the need for operation in manufacturing systems, and proposes a new solution through automation of the regulation elements to maintain an optimal system quality and prevent damage and equipment failures while offering a cost-effective model. The proposed solution is evaluated through a reliable simulation in ETAP (Energy Systems Modeling, Analysis and Optimization) software, which emulates the interaction of control elements and simulates the design of electric flow equipment operation. The results demonstrate an improvement in system performance in the presence of disturbances when two automation schemes are applied as well as the exclusive operation of the capacitor bank, which improves the total system current fluctuations and improves the power factor from 85.83% to 93.42%. Such a scheme also improves the waveform in the main power system; another improvement result is when simultaneously operating the voltage and current filter together with the PV system, further improving the current fluctuations, improving the power factor from 85.83% to 94.81%, achieving better stability and improving the quality of the waveform in the main power grid.

This article belongs to Special Issue Advances and Optimization of Electric Energy System.

Power quality Capacitor bank Voltage and current filter Photovoltaic system INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Modular ontology to support manufacturing SMEs toward industry 4.0

ZAIDA ANTONIETA MORA ALVAREZ OSCAR HERNANDEZ URIBE RAMON ALBERTO LUQUE MORALES LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) implementation is a hot topic among manufacturing organizations to reach smart factory status and integrate a fully connected ecosystem. Achieving such a transition presents notable challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) since they often face resource and skilled personnel limitations. This study developed a domain ontology to represent various stages of maturity toward I4.0 implementation. Ontology provides a tool for SMEs to self-assess in situations of machines, processes, and factories for the dimensions of control, integration, and intelligence. This study focused on the identification of classes and relationships according to I4.0 implementation situations in the context of a manufacturing setting, the reuse of ontologies related to the domain of observations to model situations, and the creation and validation of the ontology through the information obtained from the questionnaires applied to SMEs. Finally, the ontology delivers a tool to understand SMEs' current state concerning I4.0 implementation and plan based on informed decisions about the maturity state and the technology required to advance to the next stage in their manufacturing processes.

This study was partially supported by the grants CONAHCYT-CIATEQ CVU 899567 and 162867 and CONAHCYT SNI.

We express our gratitude to Teresa Novales Hernandez for the library support.

Domain ontology Industry 4.0 SMEs Smart factory SPARQL Semantic web INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Validación del potencial antioxidante de citrus aurantium en Tabasco, México

Validation of the antioxidant potential of citrus aurantium in Tabasco, Mexico

CLAUDINA VILLARREAL MARIA TERESA CADENAS GONZALEZ Francisca Méndez Morales GLORIA IVETTE BOLIO LÓPEZ Manuel Mateo Hernández Villegas Nidia Elena Rivera DAMIANYS ALMENARES LOPEZ Catalina Rivas Morales (2023, [Artículo])

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), comúnmente conocida como naranja amarga, posee múltiples potenciales terapéuticos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo experimental con el objetivo de conocer las características del consumo de C. aurantium (CA) en población tabasqueña. Para validar su uso, se preparó un extracto etanólico (85 %) de las hojas secas de CA y se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, con posterior cuantificación del contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales. Posteriormente se determinó actividad antioxidante por el ensayo DPPH y toxicidad aguda con Artemia Salina. Las partes más empleadas de la planta son las hojas para aliviar dolores musculares, síntomas de resfriados. En el estudio fitoquímico se encontraron que el extracto contiene alcaloides, flavonoides, cumarinas, quinonas y taninos. En la cromatografía de capa fina del extracto hidroalcohólico se demostró la presencia de la naringina. Se obtuvo un contenido de fenoles totales de 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g MS y de flavonoides totales de 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g MS. Contiene actividad antioxidante de 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS y el ensayo de toxicidad aguda demostró una toxicidad moderada. Los resultados evidencian que el extracto etanólico al 85 % contiene compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides, permitiendo sostener las propiedades medicinales y farmacológicas conferidas a la planta en el estado de Tabasco.

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, has multiple therapeutic potentials. An experimental qualitative study was carried out with the objective of knowing the characteristics of the consumption of C. aurantium (CA) in the Tabasco population. To validate its use, an ethanolic extract (85 %) was prepared from the dry CA leaves and phytochemical screening was performed, with subsequent quantification of the content of total phenols and flavonoids. Subsequently, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and acute toxicity with Artemia salina. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves to relieve muscle pain, cold symptoms. In the phytochemical study it was found that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones and tannins. In the thin layer chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract, the presence of naringin was demonstrated. A total phenol content of 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g DM and total flavonoids of 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g DM were obtained. It contains antioxidant activity of 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS and the acute toxicity test showed moderate toxicity. The results show that the 85% ethanolic extract contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, allowing to sustain the medicinal and pharmacological properties conferred to the plant in the state of Tabasco.Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from C. aurantium leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses.

Contribución por autor: DAL: diseño, escritura y revisión del documento, MTCG, MMHV, GIBL, NERL, FMM, ECVI, CRM: asesoría, escritura y revisión del documento.

Financiación o fondos: El presente estudio no conto con ningún apoyo financiero, todo fue con recurso propio de los investigadores.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses.

Contribución por autor: DAL: diseño, escritura y revisión del documento, MTCG, MMHV, GIBL, NERL, FMM, ECVI, CRM: asesoría, escritura y revisión del documento.

Financiación o fondos: El presente estudio no conto con ningún apoyo financiero, todo fue con recurso propio de los investigadores.

Citrus aurantium Antioxidante Fenoles Flavonoides Toxicidad aguda Citrus aurantium Antioxidant Phenol Flavonoids Acute toxicity INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Design and finite element analysis of a 3D-printed packaging insert

Diseño y análisis de elemento finito de un inserto paraempaque manufacturado por impresión 3D

Ismael Alejandro Muñoz Salazar ISAIAS EMMANUEL GARDUÑO OLVERA MAYRA DEL ANGEL MONROY (2023, [Artículo])

Packaging inserts play a crucial role in protecting products during transportation. However, their design and production processes often rely on conventional methods limiting equipment capabilities. Moreover, the empirical nature of their design can result in a lack of reliability in the final product. To address these challenges, this study aimed to validate the design of a packaging insert using the finite element method and subsequently create it using 3D printing. The chosen material is a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament commonly used in fused deposition filament printers for 3D printing. This process demonstrates the feasibility of using 3D printing to create cushioning inserts for packaging and employing finite element analysis to simulate the insert behavior. The main findings of this research highlight the potential benefits of numerical simulation, revealing the areas where the insert is primarily impacted by weight. Furthermore, the forces load and displacement simulation results confirm that the TPU elastic limit (3.9x106 MPa) is sufficient to handle the weight this insert intends to hold. These tools determine the viability of the proposed design for its intended application. Therefore, this study verifies that 3D printing is a reliable option for producing packaging inserts, offering significant advantages over traditional methods. These advantages include increased design flexibility and the ability to create custom inserts on demand.

Los insertos de empaque juegan un papel crucial en la protección de los productos durante el transporte. Sin embargo, sus procesos de diseño y producción a menudo se basan en métodos convencionales que limitan las capacidades del equipo. Además, la naturaleza empírica de su diseño puede resultar en una falta de confiabilidad en el producto final. Para abordar estos desafíos, este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar el diseño de un inserto de empaque utilizando el método de elementos finitos y posteriormente crearlo mediante impresión 3D. El material elegido es un filamento de poliuretano termoplástico (TPU) comúnmente utilizado en impresoras de filamento de deposición fundida para impresión 3D. Este proceso demuestra la viabilidad de utilizar la impresión 3D para crear insertos acolchados para empaques y emplear el análisis de elementos finitos para simular el comportamiento del inserto. Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación destacan los beneficios potenciales de la simulación numérica, revelando las áreas donde el inserto se ve afectado principalmente por el peso. Además, los resultados de la simulación de carga y desplazamiento de fuerzas confirman que el límite elástico de TPU (3.9x106 MPa) es suficiente para manejar el peso que este inserto pretende soportar. Estas herramientas determinan la viabilidad del diseño propuesto para su aplicación prevista. Por lo tanto, este estudio verifica que la impresión 3D es una opción confiable para producir insertos de empaque, que ofrece ventajas significativas sobre los métodos tradicionales. Estas ventajas incluyen una mayor flexibilidad de diseño y la capacidad de crear insertos personalizados bajo demanda.

Tipo de documento: cases studies.

I. Muñoz gratefully acknowledges support from Posgrado de CIATEQ. I. E. Garduño acknowledges support from the Investigadores por México - CONAHCYT program through project No. 674.

Ismael Muñoz: Conceptualization; methodology; validation; writing; revision; project administration; software; investigation; display; draft writing; reviewing and editing. Isaías E. Garduño: Conceptualization; methodology; validation; writing; revision; software; reviewing and editing. Mayra del Ángel Monroy: Conceptualization; supervision; methodology; validation; writing; revision; project management; formal analysis, draft writing: writing reviewing and editing.

Packaging insert Finite element analysis 3D printing Inserto para empaque Análisis por elemento finito Impresión 3D INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Ontology development for knowledge representation of a metrology lab

RAMON ALBERTO LUQUE MORALES OSCAR HERNANDEZ URIBE ZAIDA ANTONIETA MORA ALVAREZ LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

Digital transformation in metrology is impacting the industry, where accurate and fair data are essential to take enterprises to the next level in the digital era. The amount and complexity of information are growing exponentially, and expert knowledge becomes imperative for users to perform measurement tasks and decision-making. This study presents the development of a modular metrological inspection ontology for a metrology laboratory based on the reuse of ontologies related to sensors and units of measurement. Such an ontology considers information about operators and customers (name, telephone number, email) and the linkage to service orders, pieces (length, height, width), measurement strategies (expert notes about measurement procedures and paths), and measuring machines (measuring scope, uncertainty, sensor probe). The proposed solution delivers a digitalized catalog that allows the user to filter records according to the geometrical characteristics of the pieces and recover notes related to measurement procedures and paths for similar cases. The purpose is to promote knowledge sharing and narrow the gap to achieve digital transformation toward Metrology 4.0 in laboratories prepared to offer metrological support.

Ontology Metrology Measurement strategy CMM INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

OPTIMIZACIÓN DE TÉCNICAS DE MODELACIÓN Y CONTROL PARA MANIPULADORES ROBÓTICOS Y SU APLICACIÓN EN ROBOTS VIRTUALES

Filemón Arenas (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"Este documento presenta la metodología para el desarrollo de un robot virtual articulado UR5 diseñado para su uso en un laboratorio virtual para la realización de prácticas de robótica y control. El modelado y la animación 3D del robot virtual se realiza en Blender y puede interactuar con un controlador externo utilizando un esquema hardware in the loop. El controlador externo se programa en CODESYS y utiliza Modbus TCP como protocolo de comunicación."

INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Development of a thermoelectric test for electrical contactors

PABLO OROZCO CORRAL FRANCISCO JAVIER IBARRA VILLEGAS NOE VILLA VILLASEÑOR (2023, [Artículo])

In the economic model in which we develop, there is a dependence on the means of transport that every day is increasing and due to the importance of electrification in the issue of efficient and clean transportation, has caused the need for companies supplying components for automotive manufacturers to evolve and develop new technologies to stay ahead of the needs of their customers being in full evolution towards electrified transport. This evolution extends not only to manufacturing but to the test methods that currently exist, since automotive standards require suppliers to test in laboratory, the components they sell to their customers to ensure their correct operation.

Electrical contactors Powered thermal cycle endurance Busbars Electrification industry INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Rediseño de la línea de ensamble Long Block ISV 5.0L V8 manteniendo los requerimientos de calidad

Omar Annuar Guel Quiroz (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Desde hace tiempo, el ser humano ha sido capaz de realizar procesos de manufactura para poder cumplir la necesidad que hoy en día muchos de nosotros vivimos tales como la fabricación de un producto o incluso la recuperación de este, aquí es donde entra la remanufactura de partes de ciertos productos terminados para poderlos salvar y posteriormente volverlos a usar dando como resultado el incremento de lo que nosotros conocemos como vida útil del producto. Durante la recuperación de partes de un motor de combustión interna se encuentran diferentes componentes tales como el monoblock, cigüeñal, pistones, bielas, cabezas de cilindro entre otros. Para llevar a cabo la recuperación de estos componentes deben de pasar ciertas pruebas tanto por calidad como durante el proceso de retrabajo. Algunos de ellos como el cigüeñal deben cumplir ciertas expectativas y ciertos estándares de limpieza que este componente se encuentra en el corazón del motor por lo que es uno de los componentes más importantes que se deben de cuidar ya que cualquier contaminación o rebaba metálica puede causar que el motor se amarre o bien, que su función principal sea deficiente. Es por ello por lo que se emplean procesos de limpieza como el lavado de componentes de diferentes tipos en base a las condiciones en las que se encuentran estos componentes usando agua, químicos especiales y un tiempo de ciclo definido para completar esta limpieza. Viéndolo por otro lado el departamento de calidad deberá de asegurarse que estos componentes estén en buenas condiciones mediante pruebas y análisis que se someten después de un proceso de manufactura establecido para poder llevar el control del proceso tales como las pruebas millipore. La inclusión de las pruebas millipore se encuentran en las principales pruebas ya que ellas ayudan a detectar el peso de partículas, así como el tipo de partículas. La integración de estas pruebas asegura que los componentes críticos de un motor estén en buenas condiciones ya que fortalece la aceptación del material a usar en la línea de ensamble y evitar reclamos de calidad o bien retrabajos en línea posteriores.

For a long time, the human being has been able to perform manufacturing processes to meet the need that many of us live today such as the manufacture of a product or even the recovery of this, this is where the remanufacturing of parts of certain finished products to save them and then reuse them resulting in the increase of what we know as product life. During the recovery of parts from an internal combustion engine there are different components such as the monoblock, crankshaft, pistons, connecting rods, cylinder heads, among others. In order to carry out the recovery of these components, they must pass certain tests both for quality and during the remanufacturing process. Some of them, such as the crankshaft, must meet certain expectations and standards of cleanliness. This component is located in the heart of the engine, so it is one of the most important components that must be taken care of, since any contamination or metallic burr can cause the engine to bind or its main function to be deficient. That is why cleaning processes such as washing of different types of components are used based on the conditions in which these components are found using water, special chemicals and a defined cycle time to complete this cleaning. On the other hand, the quality department must ensure that these components are in good condition by testing and analyzing them after an established manufacturing process in order to control the process such as millipore testing. The inclusion of millipore testing is one of the main tests that help to detect particle weight as well as particle type. The integration of these tests ensures that the critical components of an engine are in good condition as it strengthens the acceptance of the material to be used in the assembly line and avoids quality claims or subsequent line rework.

Manufactura Trazabilidad Millipore Manufacturing Traceability INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Proceso de limpieza de componentes industriales

Cleaning process of industrial components

Omar Annuar Guel Quiroz (2023, [Artículo])

Las condiciones experimentales para poder recuperar componentes críticos para un ensamble de un motor de combustión interna, así como también la validación de pruebas de calidad mediante pruebas milipore que detectan la cantidad y peso de partículas de un componente.Los componentes se recuperaron al pasar por un proceso de limpieza tipo aspersión usando un químico sometido a una presión para retirar los contaminantes del material a salvar si aplicar temperatura al químico.El químico usado en las pruebas tiene características de ser amigable con el medio ambiente para evitar la contaminación una vez que este se encuentre contaminado.

Experimental conditions to recover critical components for an internal combustion engine assembly, as well as the validation of quality tests through millipore tests that detect the quantity and weight of particles of a component.The components were recovered by going through a spray-type cleaning process using a chemical under pressure to remove contaminants from the material to be salvaged without applying temperature to the chemical.The chemical used in the tests has characteristics of being environmentally friendly to avoid contamination once it is contaminated.

Core Proceso Remanufactura Inmersión Aspersión Process Remanufacturing Immersion Spraying INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS