Evaluation of sunlight and humidity protection of a bioherbicide for Eichornia crassipes biocontrol

MARICELA MARTINEZ JIMENEZ MARIA ANTONIETA GOMEZ BALANDRA MARIA DEL PILAR SALDAÑA FABELA (2015, [Artículo])

C. piaropi (Cercospora piaropi) and A. zonatum (Acremonium zonatum) have proved to be effective in reducing water hyacinth growth. However, efficacy of these fungi in field is limited by the effect of solar UV (ultraviolet) light and desiccation. In this study, three compounds used as sunscreens and one seed plant that produce mucilage were tested for their effects on the infection produced by C. piaropi and A. zonatum inoculum under laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory conditions, TiO2 (titanium dioxide) and metamucil did not inhibit C. piaropi and A. zonatum viability. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 and metamucil to the inoculum suspension increased fungi infection. The protective effect of TiO2 and metamucil was more evident when the inoculum suspension was applied 4 h before sunset. These results suggest that addition of TiO2 and metamucil provides necessary humidity and solar protection for increasing C. piaropi and A. zonatum infection on water hyacinth plants.

Lirios acuáticos Radiación solar Dióxido de titanio C. piaropi A. zonatum BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Association of specific expansins with growth in maize leaves is maintained under environmental, genetic, and developmental sources of variation

Francois Tardieu (2007, [Artículo])

Environmental Stimuli Expansins CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CELLS CROPS GENETIC ENGINEERING PROTEINS TISSUE EPIDERMIS ZEA MAYS

Conservation agriculture based sustainable intensification: India updates

ML JAT (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION LAND MANAGEMENT TILLAGE PLANT ESTABLISHMENT BIOMASS WATER MANAGEMENT

Application of ammonium to a N limited arable soil enriches a succession of bacteria typically found in the rhizosphere

Yendi Navarro-Noya Marco Luna_Guido Nele Verhulst Bram Govaerts Luc Dendooven (2022, [Artículo])

Crop residue management and tillage are known to affect the soil bacterial community, but when and which bacterial groups are enriched by application of ammonium in soil under different agricultural practices from a semi-arid ecosystem is still poorly understood. Soil was sampled from a long-term agronomic experiment with conventional tilled beds and crop residue retention (CT treatment), permanent beds with crop residue burned (PBB treatment) or retained (PBC) left unfertilized or fertilized with 300 kg urea-N ha-1 and cultivated with wheat (Triticum durum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) rotation. Soil samples, fertilized or unfertilized, were amended or not (control) with a solution of (NH4)2SO4 (300 kg N ha-1) and were incubated aerobically at 25 ± 2 °C for 56 days, while CO2 emission, mineral N and the bacterial community were monitored. Application of NH4+ significantly increased the C mineralization independent of tillage-residue management or N fertilizer. Oxidation of NH4+ and NO2- was faster in the fertilized soil than in the unfertilized soil. The relative abundance of Nitrosovibrio, the sole ammonium oxidizer detected, was higher in the fertilized than in the unfertilized soil; and similarly, that of Nitrospira, the sole nitrite oxidizer. Application of NH4+ enriched Pseudomonas, Flavisolibacter, Enterobacter and Pseudoxanthomonas in the first week and Rheinheimera, Acinetobacter and Achromobacter between day 7 and 28. The application of ammonium to a soil cultivated with wheat and maize enriched a sequence of bacterial genera characterized as rhizospheric and/or endophytic independent of the application of urea, retention or burning of the crop residue, or tillage.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AMMONIUM CROP RESIDUES WHEAT MAIZE TILLAGE SOIL

Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere at different growth stages of maize cultivated in soil under conventional and conservation agricultural practices

Yendi Navarro-Noya Bram Govaerts Nele Verhulst Luc Dendooven (2022, [Artículo])

Farmers in Mexico till soil intensively, remove crop residues for fodder and grow maize often in monoculture. Conservation agriculture (CA), including minimal tillage, crop residue retention and crop diversification, is proposed as a more sustainable alternative. In this study, we determined the effect of agricultural practices and the developing maize rhizosphere on soil bacterial communities. Bulk and maize (Zea mays L.) rhizosphere soil under conventional practices (CP) and CA were sampled during the vegetative, flowering and grain filling stage, and 16S rRNA metabarcoding was used to assess bacterial diversity and community structure. The functional diversity was inferred from the bacterial taxa using PICRUSt. Conservation agriculture positively affected taxonomic and functional diversity compared to CP. The agricultural practice was the most important factor in defining the structure of bacterial communities, even more so than rhizosphere and plant growth stage. The rhizosphere enriched fast growing copiotrophic bacteria, such as Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadales, and Burkholderiales, while in the bulk soil of CP other copiotrophs were enriched, e.g., Halomonas and Bacillus. The bacterial community in the maize bulk soil resembled each other more than in the rhizosphere of CA and CP. The bacterial community structure, and taxonomic and functional diversity in the maize rhizosphere changed with maize development and the differences between the bulk soil and the rhizosphere were more accentuated when the plant aged. Although agricultural practices did not alter the effect of the rhizosphere on the soil bacterial communities in the flowering and grain filling stage, they did in the vegetative stage.

Community Assembly Functional Diversity Intensive Agricultural Practices Plant Microbiome CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE TILLAGE SOIL BACTERIA MAIZE

Distribución de nuevos grupos funcionales de bromeliáceas epífitas en la Reserva de Calakmul, Campeche

Casandra Reyes García NARCY ANAÍ PEREIRA ZALDÍVAR CELENE MARISOL ESPADAS MANRIQUE Manuela de Jesús Tamayo Chim NAHLLELI CIVI CHILPA GALVAN ALFREDO DORANTES EUAN MARYPAZ RAMIREZ MEDINA LIGIA GUADALUPE ESPARZA OLGUIN LILIAN JUAREZ TELLEZ MONICA GONZALEZ JARAMILLO (2022, [Artículo])

Evaluamos cómo cinco grupos funcionales recientemente descritos para las epífitas (plantas que viven sobre otras) de la familia Bromeliaceae pueden utilizarse para describir cambios ambientales entre dos tipos de selva con diferente grado de conservación. Los grupos funcionales son: tanque (profundo) C3, tanque CAM, tanque somero, nebulofita y pseudobulbosas. Los primeros dos tipos dependen de altas cantidades de lluvia, los tanques someros se asocian al uso de rocío, las nebulofitas al uso de neblina y las pseudobulbosas presentan alta suculencia en sus hojas. La distribución de estos grupos revela cambios ambientales dentro de la Reserva de Calakmul.

BROMELIACEAE FOTOSINTESIS CAM NEBULOFITAS TANQUE TILLANDSIA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

UN PASEO POR TIJUANA: UNA REFLEXIÓN ETNOGRÁFICA SOBRE LA COTIDIANIDAD Y EL IMPACTO DE LAS CARAVANAS DE MIGRANTES EN TIJUANA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO.

Victor Vazquez Mariana Gutierrez (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

Resumen:

El siguiente articulo presenta una reflexión antropológica y urbana centrada en la vida diaria y los principales problemas incluyendo: el impacto de las caravanas de migrantes, y cuestiones urbanas en Tijuana durante los años 2018 – 2021. En adición, el articulo aborda otros temas importantes como: el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19, y los patrones socioculturales históricos desarrollados para sobrevivir las condiciones de desigualdad económica en Tijuana. A nivel metodológico, el articulo utilizó un enfoque cualitativo basado en experiencias de trabajo de campo que incluyeron observación participante y múltiples entrevistas realizadas a residentes durante distintas visitas a Tijuana, Baja California, México entre los años 2018-2021. Las conclusiones de este articulo presentan una reflexión para entender y hacer visible las condiciones de vida de los migrantes, los esfuerzos brindados por una organización de migrantes y el estilo de vida único y problemas urbanos contemporáneos desarrollados en la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana.

Etnografia Estudios Urbanos Estudios Fromterizo Border studies Ethnography Tijuana HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Climate-smart agricultural practices influence the fungal communities and soil properties under major agri-food systems

madhu choudhary ML JAT Parbodh Chander Sharma (2022, [Artículo])

Fungal communities in agricultural soils are assumed to be affected by climate, weather, and anthropogenic activities, and magnitude of their effect depends on the agricultural activities. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the impact of the portfolio of management practices on fungal communities and soil physical–chemical properties. The study comprised different climate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based management scenarios (Sc) established on the principles of conservation agriculture (CA), namely, ScI is conventional tillage-based rice–wheat rotation, ScII is partial CA-based rice–wheat–mungbean, ScIII is partial CSA-based rice–wheat–mungbean, ScIV is partial CSA-based maize–wheat–mungbean, and ScV and ScVI are CSA-based scenarios and similar to ScIII and ScIV, respectively, except for fertigation method. All the scenarios were flood irrigated except the ScV and ScVI where water and nitrogen were given through subsurface drip irrigation. Soils of these scenarios were collected from 0 to 15 cm depth and analyzed by Illumina paired-end sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) for the study of fungal community composition. Analysis of 5 million processed sequences showed a higher Shannon diversity index of 1.47 times and a Simpson index of 1.12 times in maize-based CSA scenarios (ScIV and ScVI) compared with rice-based CSA scenarios (ScIII and ScV). Seven phyla were present in all the scenarios, where Ascomycota was the most abundant phyla and it was followed by Basidiomycota and Zygomycota. Ascomycota was found more abundant in rice-based CSA scenarios as compared to maize-based CSA scenarios. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen were found to be 1.62 and 1.25 times higher in CSA scenarios compared with other scenarios. Bulk density was found highest in farmers' practice (Sc1); however, mean weight diameter and water-stable aggregates were found lowest in ScI. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were found better under CSA-based practices, which also increased the wheat grain yield by 12.5% and system yield by 18.8%. These results indicate that bundling/layering of smart agricultural practices over farmers' practices has tremendous effects on soil properties, and hence play an important role in sustaining soil quality/health.

Agriculture Management Fungal Community Diversity Indices Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE TILLAGE CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE SOIL ORGANIC CARBON

Planting rice at monsoon onset could mitigate the impact of temperature stress on rice–wheat systems of Bihar, India

Carlo Montes Anton Urfels Eunjin Han Balwinder-Singh (2023, [Artículo])

Rainy Season TIMESAT APSIM Agricultural Production Systems Simulator Climate Adaptation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RICE WHEAT MONSOONS WET SEASON CROP MODELLING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

La Pera: Área Natural Protegida que atesora alta biodiversidad en Chiapas, México

MARCO ANTONIO GARCIA JIMENEZ CANDELARIO CUNDAPÍ PÉREZ (2023, [Artículo])

En México, con la finalidad de preservar los ecosistemas naturales del país, la Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas (CONANP) administra 185 áreas de carácter federal, mientras que la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural (SEMAHN) en Chiapas, administra 28 de carácter estatal. Sin embargo, estas últimas son poco conocidas y es importante difundir la riqueza biológica que resguardan. La Pera, en Chiapas, alberga 1033 especies de flora y fauna, de las cuales 109 están protegidas por las normas nacionales, algunas son endémicas al estado y a México. Conocer la presencia de especies prioritarias en el área nos proporciona herramientas para la conservación de la reserva.

BERRIOZABAL CORREDOR BIOLOGICO ZOQUE ESPECIES PRIORITARIAS LOCALIDAD TIPO BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL