Acuíferos transfronterizos en México: análisis normativo hacia una estrategia de manejo

Felipe Ignacio Arreguín Cortés Mario Lopez Perez (2018, [Artículo])

Se analiza el marco legal que regula las aguas subterráneas en México y Estados Unidos de América (EUA). Belice, Guatemala y EUA no cuentan con regulación específica sobre acuíferos transfronterizos. Se encontraron diferencias en el reconocimiento del número de acuíferos transfronterizos existentes compartidos con EUA. Los criterios de definición de acuífero o unidad geohidrológica entre los cuatro países son diferentes. Se identifica una falta de información técnica y legal de los acuíferos transfronterizos con Belice, Guatemala y EUA. La normatividad y criterios sugeridos por las instituciones de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) para los acuíferos transfronterizos permiten establecer las bases legales para construir la estrategia para la gestión sostenible de los acuíferos transfronterizos. Es indispensable que México y los tres países vecinos avancen en generar la información técnica para establecer una estrategia de gestión conjunta de las aguas subterráneas transfronterizas. Se proponen temas técnicos relevantes para las fijar las bases que permitan gestionar de forma sostenible los acuíferos transfronterizos.

Acuíferos transfronterizos Actos internacionales Aguas subterráneas CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Simulación de diferentes alternativas de gestión de los recursos hídricos del acuífero de Puebla-Atoyac

Simulation of alternatives for water management resurces of the aquifer Puebla-Atoyac

MANUEL MARTINEZ MORALES Sofía Garrido Hoyos MARIA VICENTA ESTELLER ALBERICH (2015, [Artículo])

La demanda de agua subterránea en el acuífero de Puebla-Atoyac, localizado en la región central de la República Mexicana se ha incrementado. Ante esto, organismos estatales y federales encargados de la gestión del agua están preocupados por la problemática que presenta el acuífero de Puebla-Alto Atoyac (descenso de nivel piezométrico, deterioro de la calidad del agua, bajo rendimiento de los pozos, agrietamiento del terreno y mayores costos de bombeo y tratamiento), resultado de una mayor explotación. Este estudio presenta un modelo de simulación en la plataforma MODFLOW, que evalúa cuatro escenarios hipotéticos que se definieron para analizar la respuesta del sistema hidrogeológico para los esquemas de bombeo futuros. Se encontraron resultados prometedores para la asignación del recurso en los escenarios 3 y 4. Sin embargo, en la comparación y el análisis de la viabilidad de la recuperación del nivel piezométrico (teniendo en cuenta la política de reducciones graduales de bombeo), se seleccionó el escenario 4 como mejor alternativa.

The demand for groundwater in the Puebla-Atoyac aquifer, located in the central region of Mexico has increased. As a result of this increased exploitation, a number of state and federal agencies in charge of water management are concerned about the problems associated with the aquifer (decrease of groundwater level, deterioration of water quality, poor performance of the wells, ground cracking and higher pumping and treatment costs) resulting from further exploitation. In this context, it becomes important finding methods to determine patterns of extraction of groundwater to support the distribution of water and at the same time avoid the negative effects of a lack of proper management. This paper presents a simulation model in MODFLOW platform, which evaluates four hypothetical scenarios that were defined to analyze the response of the hydrogeological system for future pumping schemes. Promising results for resource allocation scenarios 3 and 4 were found. However, in comparing and analyzing the feasibility of recovering the groundwater level (taking into account the policy of gradual reductions in pumping), was selected the scenario 4 as the best alternative.

Gestión integrada de recursos hídricos Aguas subterráneas Simulación CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Evaluación de la calidad del agua mediante el uso de δ15N en materia orgánica particulada de cenotes de zonas agropecuarias en el estado de Yucatán

JOCELYNE DAYANNA FRIAS HERNANDEZ (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO HIDROLOGÍA AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS

Maintenance of Coastal Surface Blooms by Surface Temperature Stratification and Wind Drift

MARY CARMEN RUIZ DE LA TORRE (2013, [Artículo])

Algae blooms are an increasingly recurrent phenomenon of potentially socio-economic impact in coastal waters globally and in the coastal upwelling region off northern Baja California, Mexico. In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters. © 2013 Ruiz-de la Torre et al.

chlorophyll, algal bloom, article, cell count, cell density, coastal waters, controlled study, dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedrum, meteorological phenomena, Mexico, near surface temperature stratification, nonhuman, nutrient concentration, popul CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Agroecology can promote climate change adaptation outcomes without compromising yield in smallholder systems

Sieglinde Snapp Yodit Kebede Eva Wollenberg (2023, [Artículo])

A critical question is whether agroecology can promote climate change mitigation and adaptation outcomes without compromising food security. We assessed the outcomes of smallholder agricultural systems and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) against 35 mitigation, adaptation, and yield indicators by reviewing 50 articles with 77 cases of agroecological treatments relative to a baseline of conventional practices. Crop yields were higher for 63% of cases reporting yields. Crop diversity, income diversity, net income, reduced income variability, nutrient regulation, and reduced pest infestation, indicators of adaptative capacity, were associated with 70% or more of cases. Limited information on climate change mitigation, such as greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration impacts, was available. Overall, the evidence indicates that use of organic nutrient sources, diversifying systems with legumes and integrated pest management lead to climate change adaptation in multiple contexts. Landscape mosaics, biological control (e.g., enhancement of beneficial organisms) and field sanitation measures do not yet have sufficient evidence based on this review. Widespread adoption of agroecological practices and system transformations shows promise to contribute to climate change services and food security in LMICs. Gaps in adaptation and mitigation strategies and areas for policy and research interventions are finally discussed.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE CROPS FOOD SUPPLY GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES FARMING SYSTEMS AGROECOLOGY FOOD SECURITY LESS FAVOURED AREAS SMALLHOLDERS YIELDS NUTRIENTS BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL CARBON SEQUESTRATION LEGUMES

Phenotypic assessment of genetic gain from selection for improved drought tolerance in semi-tropical maize populations

Terence Molnar Somak Dutta Thanda Dhliwayo Samuel Trachsel Michael Lee (2023, [Artículo])

Drought Tolerant Population Topcross Water Deficit CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DROUGHT TOLERANCE WATER MAIZE CLIMATE CHANGE GENETIC GAIN

Population and food in the early twenty-first century: meeting future food demand of an increasing population

Nurul Islam (1995, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA FOOD POLICIES FOOD PRODUCTION FOOD SUPPLY FORECASTING

Current variability by wave propagation in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California

Variabilidad de corrientes por propagación de ondas en bahía Todos Santos, Baja California, México

EFRAIN MATEOS FARFAN SILVIO GUIDO LORENZO MARINONE MOSCHETTO (2017, [Artículo])

The temperature, velocity, and sea level fields for a summer climatological month (August) were analyzed using tridimensional and baroclinic model outputs in Todos Santos Bay (TSB), Baja California, Mexico. The numerical model was forced with wind (nonstationary), heat flux, and California Current System climatology on the open boundary. The 3- to 5-day current variability is related to a baroclinic wave traveling towards the northwest of the bay. Wave travel periodicity was due to the release of accumulated water from the Ensenada–Punta Banda Estuary (E–PBE) region. Local wind stress causes southeastward water flow and, given the TSB geometry, water accumulates in the E–PBE region. Weakening wind stress was the main cause of water release. In addition, complex empirical ortogonal function analysis found that outer TSB disturbances cause sea level variability.

Ondas subinerciales Modelos matemáticos Bahía Todos Santos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Determinación del origen de la contaminación en pozos de los ramales Tláhuac (Netzahualcóyotl) y Mixquic-Santa Catarina y estudio de alternativas de tratamiento para entrega de agua potable en los puntos denominados: Viveros-Cuenca Lechera y Hospital Psiquiátrico, Distrito Federal

MARTÍN PIÑA SOBERANIS Silvia Gelover Santiago María de Lourdes Rivera Huerta MIGUEL ANGEL MEJIA GONZALEZ (2017, [Documento de trabajo])

Los objetivos generales del proyecto fueron: 1) Determinar el origen de la contaminación en pozos del ramal Mixquic-Santa Catarina; 2) Proponer el diseño de pozos que favorezcan extraer agua de mejor calidad en los ramales Tláhuac (Nezahualcóyotl) y Mixquic Santa Catarina; 3) Seleccionar el tren de tratamiento más adecuado para la remoción de contaminantes, con el fin de entregar agua potable en los puntos denominados, Hospital psiquiátrico y Viveros-Cuenca Lechera, Ciudad de México; 4) Desarrollar las ingenierías básicas o de proceso y las ingenierías de detalle para la construcción de una planta potabilizadora de 5l/s, para distribuir agua en el punto de entrega Hospital Psiquiátrico, y otro de 20 l/s para Viveros-Cuenca lechera.

Contaminación de aguas subterráneas Análisis del agua Calidad del agua Control analítico de calidad Cuencas CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Expanding the WOFOST crop model to explore options for sustainable nitrogen management: A study for winter wheat in the Netherlands

João Vasco Silva Pytrik Reidsma (2024, [Artículo])

Nitrogen (N) management is essential to ensure crop growth and to balance production, economic, and environmental objectives from farm to regional levels. This study aimed to extend the WOFOST crop model with N limited production and use the model to explore options for sustainable N management for winter wheat in the Netherlands. The extensions consisted of the simulation of crop and soil N processes, stress responses to N deficiencies, and the maximum gross CO2 assimilation rate being computed from the leaf N concentration. A new soil N module, abbreviated as SNOMIN (Soil Nitrogen for Organic and Mineral Nitrogen module) was developed. The model was calibrated and evaluated against field data. The model reproduced the measured grain dry matter in all treatments in both the calibration and evaluation data sets with a RMSE of 1.2 Mg ha−1 and the measured aboveground N uptake with a RMSE of 39 kg N ha−1. Subsequently, the model was applied in a scenario analysis exploring different pathways for sustainable N use on farmers' wheat fields in the Netherlands. Farmers' reported yield and N fertilization management practices were obtained for 141 fields in Flevoland between 2015 and 2017, representing the baseline. Actual N input and N output (amount of N in grains at harvest) were estimated for each field from these data. Water and N-limited yields and N outputs were simulated for these fields to estimate the maximum attainable yield and N output under the reported N management. The investigated scenarios included (1) closing efficiency yield gaps, (2) adjusting N input to the minimum level possible without incurring yield losses, and (3) achieving 90% of the simulated water-limited yield. Scenarios 2 and 3 were devised to allow for soil N mining (2a and 3a) and to not allow for soil N mining (2b and 3b). The results of the scenario analysis show that the largest N surplus reductions without soil N mining, relative to the baseline, can be obtained in scenario 1, with an average of 75%. Accepting negative N surpluses (while maintaining yield) would allow maximum N input reductions of 84 kg N ha−1 (39%) on average (scenario 2a). However, the adjustment in N input for these pathways, and the resulting N surplus, varied strongly across fields, with some fields requiring greater N input than used by farmers.

Crop Growth Models WOFOST CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROPS NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WINTER WHEAT SOIL WATER