Avances en Agricultura Sustentable : Resultados de plataformas de investigación Hub Pacífico Norte 2010-2021

Simon Fonteyne Nele Verhulst (2022, [Libro])

Esta edición presenta los resultados de la red de plataformas en el Hub Pacífico Norte, misma que resulta de la colaboración entre el CIMMYT; el Patronato para la Investigación y Experimentación Agrícola del Estado de Sonora A.C. (PIEAES); el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP); la Asociación de Agricultores del Río Sinaloa Poniente (AARSP); la Asociación de Agricultores del Río Fuerte Sur (AARFS); la Asociación de Agricultores del Río Culiacán (AARC); la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS); Servicios Agrofinancieros del Norte S.A. de C.V. (SAFINSA); el Club de Labranza de Conservación del Valle del Évora; Granera del Noroeste S.A. de C.V; y el Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC). Los lectores podrán encontrar en este libro los resultados de las plataformas con más tiempo de operación, en donde ya se han podido generar suficientes datos para sacar conclusiones basadas en evidencias sólidas. Esperamos que el libro pueda servir de inspiración a los productores para que busquen que sus actividades en el campo sean más productivas, rentables y sustentables.

Plataformas de Investigación Maíz Amarillo Pulgón Áreas de extensión Módulos demostrativos Autosuficiencia Alimentaria Uso de Insumos Ganancias para el Productor Nodos de Innovación CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURA DE CONSERVACIÓN COSTOS DE PRODUCCIÓN EUTROFIZACIÓN MONOCULTIVO DEGRADACIÓN DEL SUELO CONTAMINACIÓN PLAGUICIDAS CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO PLATAFORMAS DE INNOVACIÓN EXTENSIÓN AGRÍCOLA AUTOSUFICIENCIA INSUMOS AGRÍCOLAS CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION COSTS EUTROPHICATION MONOCULTURE SOIL DEGRADATION CONTAMINATION PESTICIDES CLIMATE CHANGE INNOVATION PLATFORMS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SELF-SUFFICIENCY FARM INPUTS

Teacher training in the state of Chihuahua: Between the health challenge and teacher resilience

Evangelina Cervantes Holguín Pavel Roel Gutiérrez Sandoval Cely Celene Ronquillo Chávez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The article proposes to recover the response of the Teacher Training and Updating Institutions in the state of Chihuahua regarding the various challenges imposed by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The qualitative exercise analyzes the experience of 10 institutions based on the voice of their students, teachers, and principals regarding changes in academic, administrative, and organizational processes. It is concluded that the pandemic has affected each institution in different ways and with diverse intensity. Despite the achievements, the experience analyzed reveals the relative success of the using virtual platforms in the face of three basic conditions: connectivity, technological competencies, and socio-emotional skills of the teaching staff. It highlights the importance of implementing tutoring, resilience, or awareness actions of teachers and students' needs, feelings, and sufferings. It is opportune to recover the experiences of other institutions and to question especially students, thesis students and graduates.

Acceso a la educación Aprendizaje en línea Educación a distancia Formación de docentes Tecnología educacional HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA Access to education online learning distance education teacher education educational technology

Los medicamentos no son dulces: empleo de glucocorticoides para enfermedades crónicas.

ADRIANA ALEJANDRA MOCTEZUMA OCAMPO JOSE LUIS MONTIEL HERNANDEZ (2024, [Artículo])

Los glucocorticoides se han constituido como medicamentos clave en el tratamiento farmacológico de enfermedades crónicas asociadas a la inflamación. Sin embargo, a pesar de su indudable beneficio, su empleo prolongado y sin supervisión pue-de generar una serie de efectos adversos, que van desde leves hasta severos. Es por eso que, en momentos de crisis como la pandemia de covid-19, el uso responsable de estos medicamentos debería iniciar con evitar prácticas comunes en nuestro país, como la automedicación y la confianza en productos milagro, ya que pueden poner en riesgo la salud de la población en general.

Glucocorticoids have become one of the key drugs during the pharmacological treatment of inflammatory chronic diseases. However, despite its undoubted benefit, its prolonged and unsupervised use can generate a series of adverse effects, ranging from mild to severe. In moments of crisis, such as the covid-19 pandemic, it shows us that practices so widespread in our country such as self-medication and the use of miracle products can put the health of the general population at risk.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS glucocorticoides, medicamentos, antiinflamatorios, automedicación, farmacología

UN PASEO POR TIJUANA: UNA REFLEXIÓN ETNOGRÁFICA SOBRE LA COTIDIANIDAD Y EL IMPACTO DE LAS CARAVANAS DE MIGRANTES EN TIJUANA, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO.

Victor Vazquez Mariana Gutierrez (2022, [Artículo, Artículo])

Resumen:

El siguiente articulo presenta una reflexión antropológica y urbana centrada en la vida diaria y los principales problemas incluyendo: el impacto de las caravanas de migrantes, y cuestiones urbanas en Tijuana durante los años 2018 – 2021. En adición, el articulo aborda otros temas importantes como: el impacto de la pandemia del COVID-19, y los patrones socioculturales históricos desarrollados para sobrevivir las condiciones de desigualdad económica en Tijuana. A nivel metodológico, el articulo utilizó un enfoque cualitativo basado en experiencias de trabajo de campo que incluyeron observación participante y múltiples entrevistas realizadas a residentes durante distintas visitas a Tijuana, Baja California, México entre los años 2018-2021. Las conclusiones de este articulo presentan una reflexión para entender y hacer visible las condiciones de vida de los migrantes, los esfuerzos brindados por una organización de migrantes y el estilo de vida único y problemas urbanos contemporáneos desarrollados en la ciudad fronteriza de Tijuana.

Etnografia Estudios Urbanos Estudios Fromterizo Border studies Ethnography Tijuana HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Surviving “la lucha” in Ciudad Juárez. An Anthropological reflection on the cuban community in Ciudad Juárez, México

Stephanie Morales Victor Vazquez (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

The following article presents a brief anthropological and historical reflection based on the Cuban community in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Additionally, we discuss important historical aspects that have contributed to the development of the Cuban community in El Paso, TX-Ciudad Juárez, CH border, such as the migrant caravans that occurred between 2017-2019 and the migratory policies that have been put into effect. Furthermore, we present an ethnographic analysis on the migration experience of certain participants, placing an emphasis on created networks, and expanding on the concept of community through spatial solidarity and survival in Ciudad Juárez.

border studies Ciudad Juarez cuban migrants estudios fronterizos Ciudad Juárez migrantes cubanos HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Sustainability evaluation of contrasting milpa systems in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

Santiago Lopez-Ridaura Tania Carolina Camacho Villa (2023, [Artículo])

The milpa agroecosystem is an intercropping of maize, beans, squash and other crops, developed in Mesoamerica, and its adoption is widely variable across climates and regions. An example of particular interest is the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, which holds highly diverse milpas, drawing on ancestral Mayan knowledge. Traditional milpas have been described as sustainable resource management models, based on long rotations within a slash-and-burn cycle in forest areas. Nevertheless, due to modernization and intensification processes, new variants of the approach have appeared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sustainability of three milpa systems (traditional, continuous, and mechanized) in four case studies across the Peninsula, with emphasis on food self-sufficiency, social inclusion and adoption of innovations promoted by a development project. The Framework for the Evaluation of Agroecosystems using Indicators (MESMIS, for its Spanish acronym) was used for its flexible, participatory approach. A common group of indicators was developed despite regional differences between study cases, with a high level of farmer participation throughout the iterative process. The results show lower crop yields in traditional systems, but with lower inputs costs and pesticide use. In contrast, continuous milpas had higher value in terms of crop diversity, food security, social inclusion, and innovation adoption. Mechanized milpas had lower weed control costs. Profitability of cash crops and the proportion of forest were high in all systems. Highly adopted innovations across milpa types and study cases included spatial crop arrangement and the use of residues as mulches. However, most innovations are not adapted to local conditions, and do not address climate change. Further, women and youth participation is low, especially in traditional systems.

Milpa Intensification Processes Women and Youth Participation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SUSTAINABILITY INTERCROPPING FOOD SECURITY INNOVATION SOCIAL INCLUSION AGROECOSYSTEMS CASE STUDIES

Surviving “Los Sures”: An anthropological reflection on the Nuyoricans lived experiences in South Williamsburg, Brooklyn and the current urban context of gentrification in New York City

Victor Vazquez Ashley McAfee (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

The following article presents an anthropological and historical reflection on the Puerto Rican inner-city neighborhood better known as “Los Sures” in South Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City (nyc). The analysis will explore the contemporary academic discussion regarding the following concepts: poverty, the welfare State, the discourse surrounding welfare recipient’s culture, inner-city living conditions, and the current context of gentrification. Methodologically, the article presents an ethnographic reflection based on fieldwork experiences and interviews conducted on residents of the previous “Los Sures” and still living in nyc. Finally, we present a critical reflection on the poverty, welfare State policy, and shed light on the difficulties faced by Puerto Rican migrants and their struggle to preserve the Puerto Rican legacy in the now nyc and gentrified “Los Sures”.

Nuyoricans gentrification; urban studies gentrification HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Analyzing antifragility among smallholder farmers in Bihar, India: An assessment of farmers' vulnerability and the strengths of positive deviants

Roos Adelhart Toorop Santiago Lopez-Ridaura ML JAT Deepak Bijarniya Jeroen Groot (2023, [Artículo])

Farmers around the world are increasingly vulnerable: climate variability is identified as the primary stressor, but unfavorable biophysical circumstances and disturbances in the socioeconomic domain (labor dynamics and price volatility) also affect farm management and production. To deal with these disturbances, adaptations are recognized as essential. Antifragility acknowledges that adaptations and volatility are inherent characteristics of complex systems and abandons the idea of returning to the pre-disturbance system state. Instead, antifragility recognizes that disturbances can trigger reorganization, enabling selection and removal of weaker system features and allowing the system to evolve toward a better state. In this study, we assessed the vulnerability of different types of smallholder farms in Bihar, India, and explored the scope for more antifragile farming systems that can 'bounce back better' after disturbances. Accumulation of stocks, creation of optionality (i.e., having multiple options for innovation) and strengthening of farmer autonomy were identified as criteria for antifragility. We had focus group discussions with in total 92 farmers and found that most expressed themselves to be vulnerable: they experienced challenges but had limited adaptive capacity to change their situation. They mostly made short-term decisions to cope with or mitigate urgent challenges but did not engage in strategic planning driven by longer-term objectives. Instead, they waited for governmental support to improve their livelihoods. Despite being confronted with similar challenges, four positive deviant farmers showed to be more antifragile: their diverse farming systems were abundant in stocks and optionality, and the farmers were distinguished in terms of their autonomy, competence, and connectedness to peers, the community, and markets. To support antifragility among regular farmers, adaptations at policy level may be required, for example, by shifting from a top-down toward a bottom-up adaptation and innovation regime where initiative and cooperation are encouraged. With a more autonomous orientation, farmers' intrinsic motivation is expected to increase, enabling transitions at the farm level. In this way, connected systems can be developed which are socioeconomically and biophysically adaptive. When practices, knowledge, and skills are continuously developed, an antifragile system with ample stocks and optionality may evolve over time.

Autonomy Adaptive Capacity Smallholder Farmers CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA POLICIES SMALLHOLDERS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES

Case study on agricultural extension in Mexico as part of the North American Agricultural Advisory Network strategy extension and farmer support in a multi-faceted environment

Jelle Van Loon (2022, [Capítulo de libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CASE STUDIES AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS

Integration of novel SSR and gene-based SNP marker loci in the chickpea genetic map and establishment of new anchor points with Medicago truncatula genome

Spurthi Nayak Polavarapu Kavi Kishor Rajeev Varshney (2010, [Artículo])

Simple Sequence Repeats Mapping Population Translational Studies CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ANCHORS CHICKPEAS CICER ARIETINUM GENETIC MAPS GENETIC MARKERS MEDICAGO MEDICAGO TRUNCATULA MICROSATELLITES SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM GENES