Chronic toxicity of shrimp feed added with silver nanoparticles (Argovit-4®) in Litopenaeus vannamei and immune response to white spot syndrome virus infection

Carlos Rosendo Romo Quiñonez Píndaro Álvarez Ruiz CLAUDIO HUMBERTO MEJIA RUIZ NINA BOGDANCHIKOVA Alexey Pestryakov CARINA GAMEZ JIMENEZ WENCESLAO VALENZUELA QUIÑONEZ Magnolia Montoya Mejía EUSEBIO NAVA PEREZ (2022, [Artículo])

"In recent years, the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial compounds has been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. In this work, we investigated the effects of AgNPs (Argovit-4 R ) as feed additives (feed-AgNPs) on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using three different methods: 1) chronic toxicity after 28 days of feeding, 2) Effects against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenged by oral route, and 3) transcriptional responses of immune-related genes (PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, Crustin, PEN3, and PEN4) following WSSV infection. The results showed that the feed-AgNPs did not interfere with the growth and survival of shrimp. Also, mild lesions in the hepatopancreas were recorded, proportional to the frequency of the feed-AgNP supply. Challenge test versus WSSV showed that feeding every 7 days with feed-AgNPs reduced mortality, reaching a survival rate of 53%, compared to the survival rates observed in groups fed every 4 days, daily and control groups of feed-AgNPs for the 30%, 10%, and 7% groups, respectively. Feed-AgNPs negatively regulated the expression of PAP, ProPO, and Crustin genes after 28 days of treatment and altered the transcriptional responses of PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, and Crustin after WSSV exposure. The results showed that weekly feeding-AgNPs could partially prevent WSSV infection in shrimp culture. However, whether or not transcriptional responses against pathogens are advantageous remains to be elucidated."

Silver nanoparticles, Shrimp, Aquaculture, Chronic toxicity, WSSV, AgNP, Argovit, Litopenaeus vannamei , Silver fed, White spot syndrome virus BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNIZACIÓN INMUNIZACIÓN

Evaluación de la primera madurez sexual del huachinango del Pacífico (Lutjanus peru) nacido en cautiverio

First sexual maturity evaluation of the Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) born in captivity

MILTON ALEJANDRO SPANOPOULOS ZARCO José Antonio Estrada Godínez JUAN CARLOS PEREZ URBIOLA VICENTE GRACIA LOPEZ Felipe de Jesús Ascencio Valle Manuel Carrillo Marcos Fabian Quiñones Arreola MINERVA CONCEPCION MALDONADO GARCIA (2016, [Artículo])

"El huachinango del Pacífico, Lutjanus peru, es una especie atractiva para la acuicultura. Sin embargo, su reproducción en cautiverio en condiciones controladas no había sido factible, debido a la falta de conocimiento sobre las condiciones de manejo y el proceso reproductivo. En este estudio se evaluó la primera madurez sexual en cautiverio del huachinango del Pacífico, nacidos en el 2009 en el CIBNOR. La primera madurez sexual se determinó a los cuatro años de edad, con un peso promedio de 2.829 ± 80,9 g y longitud promedio de 540,3 ± 4,6 mm. Los primeros desoves ocurrieron en junio 2013, con la sincronización reproductiva entre machos y hembras en cautiverio, que coincidió cuando el fotoperiodo fue de 13 h luz y 11 h de obscuridad, con un aumento de temperatura del agua del estanque de 24,81 ± 1,4°C. El desove terminó en diciembre, con una disminución de temperatura 21,2 ± 1,5°C y 10 h luz. Se determinó la proporción sexual de 1:3,2 (hembra: macho). El tamaño de los huevos y la gota lipídica, disminuyeron conforme avanzó la temporada reproductiva..Se evaluó el nivel hormonal (estradiol, testosterona y 11-keto-testosterona) durante tres años. En cautiverio se determinó un ciclo reproductivo definido, en dos periodos; un periodo de reposo de diciembre a mayo, y un periodo reproductivo de junio a noviembre."

"The Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru, is an attractive species for aquaculture. Its reproduction in captivity under controlled conditions has not been feasible, due to the lack of knowledge on its basic reproductive biology and management conditions. For the first time, we evaluated the first sexual maturity stage of captive Pacific red snapper, born in 2009 at CIBNOR. The first sexual maturity was reached in four years with an average weight of 2,829 ± 80.9 g and average size of 540.3 ± 4.6 mm. Spawning occurred in June 2013, with a reproductive synchronization between males and females, which coincides with a photoperiod of 13 h of light and 11 h of darkness, an increase in the water ponds temperature to 24.81 ± 1.4°C. The final spawning occurred in December with a decrement of the water ponds temperature to 21.2 ± 1.5°C and 10 h light. The sex ratio was determined as 1:3.2 (female: male). The size of eggs and lipid drop decreased as the spawning season progressed. Hormone levels (estradiol, testosterone and 11-keto-testosterone), was evaluated for three years. We determined a defined reproductive cycle for the species in captivity in two periods: 1) a rest period, from December to May, and 2) a reproductive period from June to November."

Lutjanus peru, primera madurez, desoves naturales, acuicultura. Lutjanus peru, first maturity, natural spawning, aquaculture. CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA OCEANOGRAFÍA ACUICULTURA MARINA

Contrasting spatial patterns in active-fire and fire-suppressed mediterranean climate old-growth mixed conifer forests

Danny L. Fry  (2014, [Artículo])

In Mediterranean environments in western North America, historic fire regimes in frequent-fire conifer forests are highly variable both temporally and spatially. This complexity influenced forest structure and spatial patterns, but some of this diversity has been lost due to anthropogenic disruption of ecosystem processes, including fire. Information from reference forest sites can help management efforts to restore forests conditions that may be more resilient to future changes in disturbance regimes and climate. In this study, we characterize tree spatial patterns using four-ha stem maps from four old-growth, Jeffrey pine-mixed conifer forests, two with active-fire regimes in northwestern Mexico and two that experienced fire exclusion in the southern Sierra Nevada. Most of the trees were in patches, averaging six to 11 trees per patch at 0.007 to 0.014 ha-1, and occupied 27-46% of the study areas. Average canopy gap sizes (0.04 ha) covering 11-20% of the area were not significantly different among sites. The putative main effects of fire exclusion were higher densities of single trees in smaller size classes, larger proportion of trees (≥56%) in large patches (≥10 trees), and decreases in spatial complexity. While a homogenization of forest structure has been a typical result from fire exclusion, some similarities in patch, single tree, and gap attributes were maintained at these sites. These within-stand descriptions provide spatially relevant benchmarks from which to manage for structural heterogeneity in frequent-fire forest types.

article, climate, controlled study, ecosystem fire history, forest structure, geographic distribution, geographic mapping, land use, mathematical computing, mathematical model, Mexico, spatial analysis, taiga, United States, comparative study, conife CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Identification and validation of stable quantitative trait loci for yield component traits in wheat

Yong Zhang Zhonghu He xianchun xia Yan Zhang Shuanghe Cao (2023, [Artículo])

Grain Number Per Spike KASP Markers QTL Mapping Thousand Grain Weight CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI MAPPING TRITICUM AESTIVUM GRAIN YIELD COMPONENTS MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION

Variación espacio-temporal del ensamblaje de peces criptobentónicos y conspicuos en dos áreas naturales protegidas, Bahía de los Ángeles y Huatulco

Spatial and temporal variation of the assemblage of cryptobenthic and conspicuous reef fish in two protected natural areas, Bahía delos Ángeles and Huatulco

Rodrigo Daniel Chiriboga Ortega (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Los peces arrecifales desempeñan roles ecológicos muy importantes manteniendo la salud de los arrecifes siendo limpiadores, recicladores de materia orgánica y además fuente de alimento entre eslabones de la cadena trófica. El presente trabajo busca describir el ensamblaje de peces arrecifales crípticos y conspicuos, y evaluar los patrones espaciales y temporales del ensamblaje de peces arrecifales en Bahía de Los Ángeles, Baja California (BLA) y el Parque Nacional Huatulco (PNH), Oaxaca. Utilizamos dos métodos de muestreo censos visuales y estaciones cerradas. Para evaluar a los peces conspicuos, se realizaron censos visuales empleando transectos de banda de 20x4 m. Para cuantificar la biodiversidad de peces crípticos, se realizaron estaciones cerradas (0.4 m2 ) en donde se utilizó aceite de clavo como anestésico para recolectar los peces arrecifales criptobentónicos (PACr). Las dos metodologías se realizaron en dos gradientes de profundidad (somero; < 5 m y profundo; > 5 m) y en dos estaciones (cálida y fría). Se realizaron curvas de acumulación de especies y un análisis del número efectivo de especies para describir la riqueza y diversidad de cada zona de estudio. Finalmente, para determinar patrones espacio temporales se realizaron análisis nMDS, PERMANOVAS y SIMPER. La riqueza total fue de 43 especies para BLA y 62 para el PNH representando el 80% y 79% del promedio de los estimadores no paramétricos respectivamente. Se aumentó el número de especies registradas a 94 para BLA y 209 para el PNH utilizando las estaciones cerradas. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre estaciones y profundidad en el ensamblaje de PACs de BLA, pero no para los PACr. En el PNH se observaron diferencias significativas para la riqueza y abundancia de los PACr y variación temporal de la biomasa de los PACs. En conclusión se demostró que el uso de métodos de muestreo complementarios mejora la calidad de los inventarios de especies y permite detectar variaciones espacio temporales en la estructura de la comunidad íctica.

Reef fishes perform important ecological roles in maintaining reef health by cleaning and recycling organic material, and by providing a source of food between trophic linkages. The thesis describes cryptic and conspicuous reef fish assemblages and estimates their spatial and temporal patterns of in two sites, Bahía de Los Ángeles (BLA) in the state of Baja California and Huatulco National Park (PNH), in the state of Oaxaca. We used two sampling methods: visual census using SCUBA (band transects of 4x20m) for conspicuous reef fish (PAC) and enclosed stations (0.4 m2) using clove oil to anesthetize and collect the cryptobenthic reef fish (PACr). Sampling was conducted at two depth strata (shallow; < 5 m and deep; > 5m) and during two seasons (warm and cold). We used species accumulation curves and analysis of effective number of species to describe the richness and diversity of reef fish. Finally, nMDS, PERMANOVAS and SIMPER were performed to determine spatial and temporal patterns. The total species richness was 43 species for BLA and 62 species for the PNH, representing 80% and 79%, respectively, of the average of the non-parametric estimators. The number of species increased to 94 for BLA and 209 for PNH using enclosed stations. Significant differences between seasons and depth strata were found for the PACs assemblage at the BLA site, but not for the PACr assemblage. At the PNH site, significant differences were found for the richness and abundance of the PACr assemblage for depth as well as for the seasonal variation of the biomass of the PACs assemblage. In conclusion we demonstrated that the use of complementary sampling methods improves the quality of species inventories and allows for the detection of both spatial and temporal variations in the structure of the reef fish community.

diversidad, peces arrecifales, criptobentónico, biomasa, espacio-temporal biodiversity, reef fishes, cryptobenthic, biomass, spatial-temporal CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE DINÁMICA DE LAS POBLACIONES DINÁMICA DE LAS POBLACIONES

Statistical machine-learning methods for genomic prediction using the SKM library

Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez Brandon Alejandro Mosqueda González Jose Crossa (2023, [Artículo])

Sparse Kernel Methods R package Statistical Machine Learning Genomic Selection CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION MACHINE LEARNING GENOMICS METHODS

Estimation of general and specific combining ability effects for quality protein maize inbred lines

Adefris Teklewold Dagne Wegary Gissa (2022, [Artículo])

General Combining Ability Specific Combining Ability CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA COMBINING ABILITY MAIZE PROTEIN QUALITY INBRED LINES DATA ANALYSIS

Chapter 8. Wheat rusts: Current status, prospects of genetic control and integrated approaches to enhance resistance durability

sridhar bhavani Ravi Singh David Hodson JULIO HUERTA_ESPINO Mandeep Randhawa (2022, [Capítulo de libro])

Rust Resistance Race Specific Genes Adult Plant Resistance Genes Breeding Technologies CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUSTS DISEASE RESISTANCE ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE BREEDING TECHNOLOGY

Closing the yield gap of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) in Southern Africa: a case of Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique

Siyabusa Mkuhlani Isaiah Nyagumbo (2023, [Artículo])

Introduction: Smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are increasingly producing soybean for food, feed, cash, and soil fertility improvement. Yet, the difference between the smallholder farmers’ yield and either the attainable in research fields or the potential from crop models is wide. Reasons for the yield gap include low to nonapplication of appropriate fertilizers and inoculants, late planting, low plant populations, recycling seeds, etc. Methods: Here, we reviewed the literature on the yield gap and the technologies for narrowing it and modelled yields through the right sowing dates and suitable high-yielding varieties in APSIM. Results and Discussion: Results highlighted that between 2010 and 2020 in SSA, soybean production increased; however, it was through an expansion in the cropped area rather than a yield increase per hectare. Also, the actual smallholder farmers’ yield was 3.8, 2.2, and 2.3 times lower than the attainable yield in Malawi, Zambia, and Mozambique, respectively. Through inoculants, soybean yield increased by 23.8%. Coupling this with either 40 kg ha−1 of P or 60 kg ha−1 of K boosted the yields by 89.1% and 26.0%, respectively. Overall, application of 21–30 kg ha-1 of P to soybean in SSA could increase yields by about 48.2%. Furthermore, sowing at the right time increased soybean yield by 300%. Although these technologies enhance soybean yields, they are not fully embraced by smallholder farmers. Hence, refining and bundling them in a digital advisory tool will enhance the availability of the correct information to smallholder farmers at the right time and improve soybean yields per unit area.

Decision Support Tools Digital Tools Site-Specific Recommendations CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS LEGUMES YIELDS SOYBEANS

Biodiversity conservation in an anthropized landscape: Trees, not patch size drive, bird community composition in a low-input agroecosystem

ERIC MELLINK BIJTEL (2017, [Artículo])

One of the most typical agro-ecosystems in the Llanos de Ojuelos, a semi-arid region of central Mexico, is that of fruit-production orchards of nopales (prickly pear cacti). This perennial habitat with complex vertical structure provides refuge and food for at least 112 species of birds throughout the year. Nopal orchards vary in their internal structure, size and shrub/ tree composition, yet these factors have unknown effects on the animals that use them. To further understand the conservation potential of this agro-ecosystem, we evaluated the effects of patch-size and the presence of trees on bird community composition, as well as several habitat variables, through an information-theoretical modelling approach. Community composition was obtained through a year of census transects in 12 orchards. The presence of trees in the orchards was the major driver of bird communities followed by seasonality; bird communities are independent of patch size, except for small orchard patches that benefit black-chin sparrows, which are considered a sensitive species. At least 55 species of six trophic guilds (insectivores, granivores, carnivores, nectivores, omnivores, and frugivores) used the orchards. Orchards provide adequate habitat and food resources for several sensitive species of resident and migratory sparrows. The attributes that make orchards important for birds: trees, shrubs, herb seeds, and open patches can be managed to maintain native biodiversity in highly anthropized regions with an urgent need to find convergence between production and biological conservation. © 2017 Mellink et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

agroecosystem, carnivore, chin, conservation biology, driver, frugivore, granivore, habitat, human, insectivore, landscape, nonhuman, omnivore, orchard, resident, seasonal variation, shrub, sparrow, theoretical model, agriculture, animal, biodiversit CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA