Potential impacts of Ukraine-Russia armed conflict on global wheat food security: A quantitative exploration

Khondoker Mottaleb Gideon Kruseman Sieglinde Snapp (2022, [Artículo])

Violent conflict is a major cause of acute food crises. In 2021, at least 155 million people in 10 countries were severely food insecure and eight of those countries were experiencing armed conflict. On February 24, 2022, an armed conflict between Russian Federation (Russia) and Ukraine escalated. As Russia and Ukraine are major wheat exporters, this will aggravate the already precarious food security situation in many developing countries by disrupting wheat production and export and by accelerating price hikes in import-dependent developing countries. This study examines the potential impacts of this ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine on wheat price, consumption, and calorie intake from wheat. In doing so, it applies the conditional mixed process estimation procedure using information collected from 163 countries and territories for the years 2016–2019 from online database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The study shows that, on average, a 1% decrease in the global wheat trade could increase the producers' price of wheat by 1.1%, and a 1% increase in the producers' price could reduce the yearly per capita wheat consumption by 0.59%, daily calorie intake by 0.54% and protein intake by 0.64% in the sampled countries. Based on this, the study demonstrates that a 50% reduction in wheat exports by Russia and Ukraine could increase the producers’ price of wheat by 15%, which would induce a reduction in wheat consumption and dietary energy intake by at least 8%. Since wheat export has reduced from both Russia and Ukraine, to avoid a food crisis in developing countries, policies are suggested, including near term improvement of domestic wheat production by promoting improved agronomic practices to close yield gaps to meet a substantial portion of wheat self-sufficiency goals. In the long run, countries in Africa, East Asia and South America can explore expanding wheat into new land area. International donor agencies can play a key role in supporting the ongoing wheat research and development activities.

Export-Import CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ARMED CONFLICTS CALORIES CONSUMPTION ELASTICITY FOOD SECURITY PRICES PRODUCTION WHEAT

Sistemas agroalimentarios sustentables: aumento de rentabilidad con uso eficiente de insumos y preservación del medio ambiente

Jelle Van Loon (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION COVID-19 CONFLICTS CLIMATE CHANGE

Near-real-time welfare and livelihood impacts of an active war: Evidence from Ethiopia

Kibrom  Abay Guush Berhane Jordan Chamberlin Mehari Hiluf Abay (2023, [Artículo])

Ethiopia recently experienced a large-scale war that lasted for more than two years. Using unique High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) data, which span several months before and after the outbreak of the war, this paper provides evidence on the immediate impacts of the conflict on households’ food security. We also assess potential mechanisms and evaluate impacts on proximate outcomes, including on livelihood activities and access to food markets. We use difference-in-differences and two-way fixed effects estimation to compare trends across affected and unaffected regions (households) and before and after the outbreak of the war. Seven months into the conflict, we find that the war was associated with a 37 percentage points increase in the probability of moderate to severe food insecurity. Using the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED), we show that exposure to an additional battle leads to a 1 percentage point increase in the probability of moderate or severe food insecurity. The conflict was associated with significant reduction in access to food through supply chain disruptions and by curtailing non-farm livelihood activities. Non-farm and wage related activities were affected the most, whereas farming activities were relatively more resilient. Our estimates, which likely underestimate the true average effects on the population, constitute novel evidence on the near-real-time impacts of large-scale conflict. Our work highlights the potential of HFPS to monitor active and large-scale conflicts, especially in contexts where conventional data sources are not immediately available.

Phone Surveys CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WAR CONFLICTS FOOD SECURITY LIVELIHOODS

Chapter 7. The climate–security nexus Securing resilient livelihoods through early warning systems and adaptive safety nets

Peter Läderach Paresh Shirsath Steven Prager (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE CONFLICTS VULNERABILITY EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

¿Gente mágica o el Otro folclórico capitalista? La preservación de la lucha y la forma étnica en tiempos de la industria del turismo en la Sierra Norte de Puebla y el Valle Sagrado del Cusco.

JOHN KENNY ACUÑA VILLAVICENCIO MARÍA DEL PILAR NORIEGA GÓMEZ (2020, [Capítulo de libro])

El espectador ha descubierto, a través de su cámara fotográfica, que el pasado puede suspenderse en el tiempo. La historia (vista desde arriba) y la tradición no son contradictorias con el progreso, al contrario, son concomitantes y se encargan de dar soporte a la reproducción de las relaciones sociales capitalistas. Bajo este canon, podemos decir que el reconocimiento del Otro, es decir, de aquel sujeto negado por el progreso, se presenta ante nosotros como la cara opuesta de un proceso suturado por la tragedia y donde el Otro real, quien ha sucumbido ante la jaula de hierro, es considerado como un ser esencial para legitimar la sociedad de desiguales. En cambio, el Otro que ha sido folclorizado y existe como una cosa natural y abstracta, responde a las antípodas de un mundo condicionado por el mercado.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

La gobernabilidad y la gubernamentalidad en los procesos de descentralización de México.

JOHN KENNY ACUÑA VILLAVICENCIO EVER SANCHEZ OSORIO MARÍA DEL PILAR NORIEGA GÓMEZ (2020, [Capítulo de libro])

Si bien la descentralización se presenta como una nueva forma de organización de la vida, también se encarga de reorganizar el poder y con ello amortiguar las verdaderas necesidades del pueblo. La importancia de poner atención en esta problemática radica en la necesidad de evidenciar aquellos dispositivos y discursos que continúan tensionando la sociedad y reproduciendo la lógica del poder del capital.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

Panorama de la desaparición de personas en Guerrero, 2015-2021.

GABINO SOLANO RAMIREZ (2023, [Artículo])

This work offers a general overview of the disappearance of persons in Guerrero during the period 2015- 2021 seen from the reports published in the local press, and some national media. The objective is to make visible this serious social problem, considered a crime against humanity and of the greatest concern for families and citizens who perceive the feeling of impunity and insecurity. The study follows up on basic indicators of the victims of disappearance, such as the modality (kidnapping, uprising, confrontation, and home invasion), general characteristics of the victims, alleged perpetrators, places and circumstances of the event. Considering the phenomenon as a public issue, the work aims to raise awareness among the population and institutional structures to motivate the generation of strategies to help prevent these disappearances.

Forced Disappearance of Persons Criminal Violence Guerrero pi.evi-UAGro newspaper library CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

Resistencias y formas de vida en las comunidades indígenas frente a la pandemia de COVID-19: Desafíos en la producción y comercialización local.

DORIS ARIANNA LEYVA TRINIDAD EVER SANCHEZ OSORIO JOHN KENNY ACUÑA VILLAVICENCIO (2020, [Capítulo de libro])

Datos publicados por la OPS-OMS (2013) menciona que en la salud de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes en América Latina, la persistencia de las desigualdades constituye factores determinantes en los niveles de acceso a la salud, bienestar, causas de mortalidad temprana y morbilidad de los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes. En América Latina y el Caribe, los pueblos indígenas sufren 26% más los niveles de pobreza que las poblaciones no indígenas (CEPAL, 2019).

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

Nueva normalidad y violencia en la Sierra de Guerrero.

JOHN KENNY ACUÑA VILLAVICENCIO GABINO SOLANO RAMIREZ (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Los recientes sucesos ocurridos en la Sierra de Guerrero, México, como el conflicto interno entre los cárteles de la droga, el desplazamiento forzado interno, la desaparición individual y colectiva de personas, así como el despojo territorial y la tala de árboles responden a un nuevo orden en cuyo eje se encuentra la invisibilización de luchas y resistencias campesinas que apelan por un mundo de paz social. Este proceso el cual ¿consiste en existir, en ser-ahí y, al mismo tiempo, en no ser visto/percibido u oído/escuchado¿ ha logrado alterar el tejido social de las comunidades y reproducir economías de enclave controladas por la industria de la droga (Bourdin, 2017, p. 17).

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

“We place our hope in the land”: defense of the territory against mining in Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla

Veronica Vazquez_Garcia Esteban Martínez Vásquez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Mexico occupies first place in mining exploration in Latin America, a situation that has caused alarm among native peoples because the implementation of extractive projects threatens their vital space. The objective of this paper is to analyze the actions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the Ixtaca Project in Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla, as well as the strategies of territorial defense undertaken by the communities to stop its expansion. Data was gathered through one survey, one workshop and various interviews conducted in three communities affected by the project. Results discuss three actions of CSR: 1) job offers; 2) investment in community infrastructure; 3) support for social events. Three main defense strategies were identified: 1) collective agreements refusing to sell water to the company; 2) legal litigations in favor of the right to be consulted as native peoples; 3) the strengthening of peasant agriculture thanks to the defense of the ejido, the conservation of irrigation water and the support received from the federal program Sembrando Vida. The paper concludes that, despite the negative impacts of RCS actions, these strategies have proven effective because mining concessions have been cancelled and some families have returned to agriculture.  

native peoples peasantry mining OIT Convention socioenvironmental conflict pueblos originarios campesinado minería Convenio OIT conflicto socioambiental CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES