Economics of crop residue management

Vijesh Krishna Maxwell Mkondiwa (2023, [Artículo])

More than five billion metric tons of agricultural residues are produced annually worldwide. Despite having multiple uses and significant potential to augment crop and livestock production, a large share of crop residues is burned, especially in Asian countries. This unsustainable practice causes tremendous air pollution and health hazards while restricting soil nutrient recycling. In this review, we examine the economic rationale for unsustainable residue management. The sustainability of residue utilization is determined by several economic factors, such as local demand for and quantity of residue production, development and dissemination of technologies to absorb excess residue, and market and policy instruments to internalize the social costs of residue burning. The intervention strategy to ensure sustainable residue management depends on public awareness of the private and societal costs of open residue burning.

Crop Biomass Residue Burning Environmental Effects CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROPS BIOMASS RESIDUES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CLIMATE CHANGE SMALLHOLDERS TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

Implementation new tools and technologies in the GMP Africa Breeding Pipelines

Yoseph Beyene (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA NEW TECHNOLOGY BREEDING PIPES GERMPLASM PHENOTYPING

The fate of rice crop residues and context-dependent greenhouse gas emissions: Model-based insights from Eastern India

Sonam Sherpa virender kumar Andrew Mcdonald (2024, [Artículo])

Crop residue burning is a common practice in many parts of the world that causes air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Regenerative practices that return residues to the soil offer a ‘no burn’ pathway for addressing air pollution while building soil organic carbon (SOC). Nevertheless, GHG emissions in rice-based agricultural systems are complex and difficult to anticipate, particularly in production contexts with highly variable hydrologic conditions. Here we predict long-term net GHG fluxes for four rice residue management strategies in the context of rice-wheat cropping systems in Eastern India: burning, soil incorporation, livestock fodder, and biochar. Estimations were based on a combination of Tier 1, 2, and 3 modelling approaches, including 100-year DNDC simulations across three representative soil hydrologic categories (i.e., dry, median, and wet). Overall, residue burning resulted in total direct GHG fluxes of 2.5, 6.1, and 8.7 Mg CO2-e in the dry, median, and wet hydrologic categories, respectively. Relative to emissions from burning (positive values indicate an increase) for the same dry to wet hydrologic categories, soil incorporation resulted in a −0.2, 1.8, or 3.1 Mg CO2-e change in emissions whereas use of residues for livestock fodder increased emissions by 2.0, 2.1, or 2.3 Mg CO2-e. Biochar reduced emissions relative to burning by 2.9 Mg CO2-e in all hydrologic categories. This study showed that the production environment has a controlling effect on methane and, therefore, net GHG balance. For example, wetter sites had 2.8–4.0 times greater CH4 emissions, on average, than dry sites when rice residues were returned to the soil. To effectively mitigate burning without undermining climate change mitigation goals, our results suggest that geographically-target approaches should be used in the rice-based systems of Eastern India to incentivize the adoption of regenerative ‘no burn’ residue management practices.

Soil Carbon Rice Residue Burning Life Cycle Assessment CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOIL CARBON RICE LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GASES CLIMATE CHANGE

Optimización del proceso de estampado en la empresa Rivian: aplicación del método SMED

Diego Rodríguez Arroyo Luis Alberto Cáceres Díaz ISABEL PEREYRA LAGUNA (2023, [Artículo])

En la era actual, la industria automotriz se encuentra en un estado de transformación constante, impulsado principalmente por la rápida integración de tecnologías emergentes. Aquellas empresas que logran destacar son las que no sólo innovan en diseño y funcionalidad, sino también en la eficiencia productiva. Rivian, una prominente empresa estadounidense especializada en vehículos eléctricos destaca por sus audaces diseños y su compromiso con la sostenibilidad. No obstante, al adentrarse en el funcionamiento interno de sus plantas de producción, surgen ciertos desafíos. En particular, en las instalaciones de la planta de Rivian, se ha detectado que el proceso de estampado, esencial para modelar las piezas de acero de sus vehículos, representa un cuello de botella con gran área de oportunidad que requiere una pronta intervención debido al tiempo muerto que impacta a la producción, entre éstas, la alimentación del material a la prensa de estampado, donde actualmente existen muchas actividades manuales que ocasionan tiempo extra de operación, el cual se puede reducir mediante la automatización de algunas operaciones. En este artículo, se presenta un desarrollo detallado sobre la implementación y optimización del proceso en una prensa de estampado, utilizando la metodología intercambio de troqueles en un solo minuto (SMED por sus siglas en inglés) para maximizar y mejorar la eficiencia de los recursos y satisfacer la demanda de producción. A través de esta herramienta de Manufactura Esbelta, se aplican sistemáticamente las etapas y ciclos del SMED con el objetivo de realizar el cambio de modelo en una maquina en un tiempo objetivo de 12 minutos. Este trabajo de investigación describe una serie de desafíos y las soluciones implementadas en diferentes estaciones de la prensa, buscando incrementar su eficiencia y minimizar los riesgos para los operadores. Además, se enfoca en reducir el material defectuoso producido en la prensa, lo que contribuye a un aumento en la calidad y una disminución en los costos por unidad. Esto tuvo como resultado ahorros de miles de dólares en costos variables de la prensa.

In the current era, the automotive industry is in a state of constant transformation, caused primarily by the rapid integration of emerging technologies. Those companies that can stand out are those that not only innovate in design and functionality but also productive efficiency. Rivian, a prominent American company specializing in electric vehicles, is known for its bold designs and commitment to sustainability. However, when delving into the inner workings of your production plants, certain challenges arise. At the Rivian plant facilities, it has been detected that the stamping process, essential for modeling the steel parts of its vehicles, represents a bottleneck in the process with a large area of opportunity that requires prompt intervention due to high downtime in the press line that impacts production, specifically in the setting of material, there are a lot of manual operations that cause a lot of overtime that can be reduced with automated processes. In this article, a detailed development on the implementation and optimization of the process in a stamping press is presented, using the SMED methodology (Single Minute Exchange Die) to maximize and improve resource efficiency and meet production demand. Through this Lean Manufacturing tool, the stages, and cycles of the SMED are systematically applied to carry out the model change in a machine in a target time of 12 minutes. This research work describes a series of challenges and solutions implemented in different press stations, seeking to increase their efficiency and minimize the risks for operators. Additionally, it focuses on reducing defective material produced on the press, which contributes to an increase in quality and a decrease in unit costs. This resulted in savings of thousands of dollars in variable press costs.

El primer autor agradece el apoyo de CIATEQ y de la empresa y grupo de trabajo en Rivian, que con todo el análisis de datos y la instalación de las diversas mejoras siempre hubo el apoyo y la comunicación correcta como equipo de trabajo. Además de agradecer el gran apoyo del asesor el Dr. Luis Cáceres y la Dra. Isabel Pereyra por su constante retroalimentación y el fuerte apoyo durante estos meses de trabajo en este artículo sobre SMED, mejorando en el análisis y representación de datos ya que con los conocimientos y la experiencia de ambos se facilitó la realización y culminación de este proyecto. De igual manera los autores agradecen a la Revista Politécnica de Aguascalientes por permitir la publicación de este artículo.

Cambio de modelo SMED Automatización Optimización Technology stamping Automation SMED INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

2022 Advanced wheat improvement course: Global wheat rust surveillance

&

monitoring

David Hodson (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT RUSTS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE NEW TECHNOLOGY REMOTE SENSING

Global rust monitoring

David Hodson (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT RUSTS DISEASE SURVEILLANCE REMOTE SENSING NEW TECHNOLOGY

Status of implementation new tools and technologies in the GMP- EA-PP1 Africa breeding pipeline

Yoseph Beyene Andrew Chavangi Manje Gowda Suresh L.M. Vijay Chaikam Anani Bruce Berhanu Tadesse Ertiro Walter Chivasa Jose Crossa Juan Burgueño Fidelis Owino (2023, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BREEDING MAIZE PHENOTYPING NEW TECHNOLOGY

User manual: How to use Agvisely to generate climate service advisories for livestock in Bangladesh

T.S Amjath-Babu Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2023, [Libro])

The Agvisely digital service for livestock integrates location-specific meteorological forecasts generated by the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD) with species specific biological thresholds for weather variables (Temperature, rainfall, and temperature-humidity index (THI). When a biological threshold is to be breached in next five days' forecast, the system automatically generates location-specific management advice for livestock farmers. Advisories are based on a decision tree developed by the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) and CIMMYT. Agvisely is a smart phone app and web-based service developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) CIMMYT with the support of USAID, securing the Food Systems of Asian Mega- Deltas (AMD) for Climate and Livelihood Resilience and the Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia (TAFSSA) initiatives in collaboration with Bangladesh Dept. of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD).

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE SERVICES LIVESTOCK DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

Disruptive approach to integrate data in a digital environment: progress report CIMMYT-Bluenumber 2023

Andrea Gardeazabal (2023, [Documento de trabajo])

This report describes the process carried out a pilot project to evaluate a scalable disruptive approach to integrating data for agronomy research that also incentivizes sustainable production and enables traceability using open data sharing protocol with self-sovereign identity (SSI).

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY DATA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

Competencia socioemocional y toma de decisiones en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios

MAYRA DELGADO VILLALOBOS (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

Las emociones sociales forman parte de la complejidad interna de una sociedad donde

confluyen niveles de estructura social: las interacciones entre sus individuos, los patrones

de relación entre ellos y sus principios de organización. Las emociones sociales subyacen

a esta complejidad e incluyen mecanismos de autorregulación que permiten a los

individuos desarrollar habilidades socioemocionales para evaluar cuándo y con quién

cooperar o competir, regular las respuestas emocionales y el comportamiento en

situaciones sociales, mantener relaciones de largo plazo, favorecer la prosocialidad y la

cohesión grupal. Estas habilidades son fundamentales en nuestros entornos culturales

dinámicos. Por ello, la OECD las considera habilidades del siglo XXI.

Desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar con énfasis en la cognición social, en la

presente investigación se revisó la importancia y la función de las emociones sociales, y

con base en los diferentes niveles de complejidad social se propone una distinción entre

habilidades y competencias socioemocionales. También se revisaron diversos enfoques

teóricos sobre estas competencias, así como la metodología para su evaluación en la

educación universitaria. Asimismo, se realizó un estudio exploratorio con un diseño

transversal y la muestra se conformó por 104 estudiantes universitarios. El modelo teórico

propuesto se probó mediante ecuaciones estructurales, encontrándose diferencias

significativas entre el compromiso académico y el rendimiento académico, la resiliencia

y el razonamiento.

Social emotions are part of the internal complexity of a society where levels of social

structure converge: the interactions between its individuals, the relationships patterns

between them and their organizational principles. Social emotions underlie this

complexity and include self-regulation mechanisms that allow individuals to develop

socioemotional skills to assess when and with whom to cooperate or compete, regulate

emotional responses and behavior in social situations, maintain long-term relationships,

promote prosociality and group cohesion. These skills are essential in our dynamic

cultural environments. For this reason, the OECD considers them 21st century skills.

From an interdisciplinary perspective with an emphasis on social cognition, this

research reviewed the importance and function of social emotions, and based on the

different levels of social complexity, a distinction between socio-emotional skills and

competencies is proposed. Various theoretical approaches to these competencies were

also reviewed, as well as the methodology for their evaluation in university education.

Likewise, an exploratory study was carried out with a cross-sectional design and the

sample consisted of 104 university students. The proposed theoretical model was tested

using structural equations, finding significant differences between academic commitment

and academic performance, resilience and reasoning.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PEDAGOGÍA cognición social, desarrollo socioemocional, competencias socioemocionales, evaluación socioemocional y aprendizaje socioemocional. social cognition, social-emotional development, social-emotional competencies, social-emotional assessment and social-emotional learning