Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNOLOGÍA

Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Do marine reserves increase prey for California sea lions and Pacific harbor seals?

ALEJANDRO ARIAS DEL RAZO (2019, [Artículo])

Community marine reserves are geographical areas closed to fishing activities, implemented and enforced by the same fishermen that fish around them. Their main objective is to recover commercial stocks of fish and invertebrates. While marine reserves have proven successful in many parts of the world, their success near important marine predator colonies, such as the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), is yet to be analyzed. In response to the concerns expressed by local fishermen about the impact of the presence of pinnipeds on their communities’ marine reserves, we conducted underwater surveys around four islands in the Pacific west of the Baja California Peninsula: two without reserves (Todos Santos and San Roque); one with a recently established reserve (San Jeronimo); and, a fourth with reserves established eight years ago (Natividad). All these islands are subject to similar rates of exploitation by fishing cooperatives with exclusive rights. We estimated fish biomass and biodiversity in the seas around the islands, applying filters for potential California sea lion and harbor seal prey using known species from the literature. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that the age of the reserve has a significant positive effect on fish biomass, while the site (inside or outside of the reserve) did not, with a similar result found for the biomass of the prey of the California sea lion. Fish biodiversity was also higher around Natividad Island, while invertebrate biodiversity was higher around San Roque. These findings indicate that marine reserves increase overall fish diversity and biomass, despite the presence of top predators, even increasing the numbers of their potential prey. Community marine reserves may help to improve the resilience of marine mammals to climate-driven phenomena and maintain a healthy marine ecosystem for the benefit of both pinnipeds and fishermen. © 2019 Arias-Del-Razo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, biodiversity, biomass, climate change, ecosystem resilience, environmental exploitation, fish stock, fishing, marine environment, marine invertebrate, nonhuman, Phoca vitulina, Pinnipedia, prey searching, Zalophus californianus, animal, biom BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)

Shopping centers at zmcm. The companies, location and production of a neoliberal urban space

Dante-Guillermo Celis-Galindo (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

This work aims to analyze different aspects of shopping center at the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City as location, opening year and developer company. Also it will identify diverse characteristics, economic and political phases in the country as well as the role of the development companies and shopping centers as a producers of a neoliberal urban space. This paper presents the way shopping centers importance has growth and how it had become in a neoliberal city characteristic; with this the characteristics of these urban works are visualized and related with their construction companies and local governments which has caused the transformation of the city. After conducting a census, with more than two hundred shopping centers, the study was delimited to those with the greatest significance by size, location and developer. At the beginning of the paper, the characteristics that shopping malls should have for the realization of this work are mentioned. In a first section an approach is made to the theoretical elements of the city and the shopping center and therefore identifying the developers that most  nfluence this process; the second section addresses the characteristics of places by location and the characteristics that urban planners have depending on the area where they are; the third section discusses the years of opening, the squares and relates to government administrations and the economic characteristics of the country; and finally, a tour of the urban regulations in Mexico City and its latest modifications is made.

shopping center neoliberalism space urban space construction company centro comercial neoliberalismo espacio espacio urbano empresa constructora HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Variaciones en un transecto profundo frente a la costa de Nayarit, México

Emilio Palacios Hernández Luis Brito Castillo LAURA ELENA CARRILLO BIBRIEZCA CARLOS EDUARDO CABRERA RAMOS JORGE MANUEL MONTES ARECHIGA (2022, [Artículo])

"Six oceanographic cruises in a NE-SW transect were made nearshore of southern Sinaloa and Nayarit from March 2006 through May 2008, where no in situ hydrographic data are available. Applying the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010 (TEOS-10) to the observations, the hydrography and geostrophic currents of the region were characterized. Results indicate that surface variability (0-50 m) emerged mainly from seasonal atmospheric forcing. A relative salinity maximum was present during all cruises below this surface layer, which is attributed to a water mass intrusion of Subtropical Subsurface Water that could be associated with the Mexican Coastal Current. Another water mass intrusion is from the California Current. Samples from the 2007-2008 La Niña produced an uncommon circulation, where water flowing from the Gulf of California along the coast of Sinaloa was observed, opposite to what is commonly known as a mean circulation. This uncommon circulation matches the generation of anticyclonic eddies around the Islas Marias archipelago."

Gulf of California, Mexican Coastal Current, Nayarit Coast, seasonal variation, La Niña CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA DESCRIPTIVA OCEANOGRAFÍA DESCRIPTIVA

Modelado y acoplamiento de la conductividad eléctrica e hidráulica a partir de tomografía de rocas

Modeling and coupling of electrical and hydraulic conductivity from rock tomography

Miguel Ángel Martínez Rodríguez (2022, [Tesis de maestría])

En este trabajo se emplearon técnicas de modelado numérico para simular el flujo de corriente eléctrica y de fluido a través de medios porosos con el fin de determinar el factor de resistividad y la permeabilidad, así como la distribución de los campos de densidad de corriente eléctrica y velocidad de flujo. Para el modelado de flujo eléctrico se desarrolló un algoritmo basado en diferencias finitas, mientras que para el modelado hidráulico se empleó una librería reportada en la literatura, basada en el método de redes de Boltzmann. En ambos esquemas de modelado se establecieron condiciones en la frontera poro-grano para modelar los procesos físicos exclusivamente en el espacio poroso. Los valores estimados de factor de resistividad y de permeabilidad, así como la porosidad, se emplearon para estudiar las correlaciones entre estas propiedades a través de relaciones petrofísicas. Para esto, se propuso una expresión que relaciona la permeabilidad y la porosidad y, empleando una relación existente entre el factor de resistividad y la porosidad, se propuso también una relación directa entre la permeabilidad y el factor de resistividad. Las relaciones propuestas fueron aplicadas a los valores numéricos obtenidos para paquetes de esferas generados numéricamente y se encontró que se ajustan mejor a los datos en comparación con las relaciones más comúnmente utilizadas, especialmente para porosidades altas. Se mostró también que estas relaciones petrofísicas toman la forma de las relaciones más comunes conocidas cuando se trata con porosidades bajas. Valores obtenidos de imágenes digitales de un paquete de esferas sintético y una muestra de dolomita mostraron que las expresiones para porosidades bajas son suficientes para ajustar datos de medios porosos con porosidades menores a un valor entre 0.3 y 0.4. Finalmente, se analizaron el factor de resistividad, la permeabilidad, las relaciones petrofísicas, y las distribuciones espaciales y estadísticas de los campos vectoriales de flujo se analizaron para comparar los fenómenos de transporte eléctrico e hidráulico, encontrando que algunos factores, como la porosidad efectiva, son importantes en ambos fenómenos de flujo; mientras que otros, como la adherencia del fluido a las paredes del poro, son particularmente relevantes para el flujo hidráulico.

In this work, numerical modeling techniques were used to simulate the flow of electric current and fluid through porous media in order to determine the resistivity factor and permeability, as well as the distribution of electric current density and flow velocity fields. For electric flow modeling, an algorithm based on finite differences was developed, while for hydraulic modeling, a library reported in the literature, based on lattice Boltzmann method, was used. In both modeling schemes, pore-grain boundary conditions were established to model the physical processes exclusively in the pore space. The estimated values of resistivity factor and permeability, as well as porosity, were used to study the correlations between these properties through petrophysical relationships. An expression relating permeability and porosity was proposed and, using an existing relationship between the resistivity factor and the porosity, a direct relation between permeability and resistivity factor was also proposed. The proposed relations were applied to data obtained for numerically generated sphere packs and were found to fit the data better than the most commonly used relationships, especially for high porosities. It was also shown that these petrophysical relationships take the form of the most common relationships known when dealing with low porosities. Modeling data on digital images of a synthetic sphere pack and a dolomite sample showed that the expressions for low porosities are sufficient to fit data from porous media with porosities lower than 0.3 to 0.4. Finally, resistivity factors, permeabilities, petrophysical relationships, and spatial and statistical distributions of flow vector fields were analyzed to compare electrical and hydraulic transport phenomena, finding that some factors, such as the effective porosity, are important in both flow phenomena; whereas some other, such as the pore-wall adherence, are particularly relevant to hidraulic flux.

Física de rocas, modelado numérico, relaciones petrofísicas, fenómenos de transporte, factor de resistividad, permeabilidad, porosidad, tomografía de rocas, campos vectoriales, distribución estadística Rock physics, numerical modelling, petrophysical relations, transport phenomena, resistivity factor, permeability, porosity, rock tomography, vector fields, statistical distribution CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO GEOFÍSICA GEOFÍSICA DE LA MASA SÓLIDA TERRESTRE GEOFÍSICA DE LA MASA SÓLIDA TERRESTRE

THEORETICAL STUDY OF MULTIPARTITE QUANTUM CORRELATIONS IN A NON-LINEAR SYSTEM

Héctor Rodríguez-Nava (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

"Se estudió teóricamente un Hamiltoniano que describe dos procesos paramétricos en un cristal no-lineal que, bajo condiciones geométricas específicas, generan correlaciones cuánticas no locales en cuatro modos de luz en las cantidades llamadas cuadraturas del campo. Se utilizaron dos metodologías para este estudio: métodos de espacio fase y ecuaciones de evolución de Heisenberg. Ambas técnicas generaron sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales que describen el comportamiento dinámico de los operadores de creación y aniquilación de los cuatro modos de luz. Estos valores se utilizaron para certificar las correlaciones cuánticas por medio de testigos de enredamiento y steering."

Fotónica Óptica cuántica Enredamiento Correlaciones cuánticas Métodos de espacio fase Ecuaciones diferenciales estocásticas Steering CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA ÓPTICA ÓPTICA

Percepción sobre espacios incluyentes en universitarios del oriente de Morelos

KAREN RAMIREZ GONZALEZ (2024, [Artículo])

El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción que tiene la comunidad estudiantil del oriente de Morelos con respecto a la habilitación de un baño incluyente, como parte de una política institucional de corte progresista. Mediante un diseño metodológico cuantitativo, se aplicaron 131 encuestas conformadas por cuestionarios estructurados de tipo mixto. En el análisis se estudian los efectos de la socialización de dos agencias: la familia y la educación escolar. El estudio concluye que la educación familiar y escolar y el contacto con grupos de pares vinculados a la comunidad OSIG LGBTQ+ incidieron en la disminución de estereotipos y roles de género e incrementaron la valoración positiva de las estrategias implementadas por las autoridades universitarias para la habilitación del baño incluyente.

The objective of the work is to analyze the perception that the student community located in the East of Morelos has regarding the habilitation of an inclusive bathroom, as part of a progressive institutional policy. Using a quantitative methodological design, 131 surveys made up of mixed-type structured questionnaires were applied. The analysis studies the effects of the socialization of two agencies: the family and the school education. The study concludes that family and school education and contact with peer groups linked to the lgbtq+ community, had an impact on the reduction of stereotypes and gender roles and in-creased the positive assessment of the strategies implemented by the university authorities for the empowerment of the inclusive bathroom.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA espacios incluyentes, universidad, jóvenes, percepción

Petrología y geoquímica isotópica del complejo alcalino La Vasca, noroeste de Coahuila

Petrology and isotope geochemistry of the La Vasca Alkaline Complex, northwestern Coahuila

Edgar Alan Martínez Salinas (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

En el complejo alcalino La Vasca (CALV), afloran cuerpos ígneos con afinidad peralcalina y mineralizaciones de eudialita, los cuales no se habían considerado previamente en el magmatismo regional, en especial respecto a la Provincia Alcalina Oriental Mexicana (PAOM). La Vasca estaba pobremente documentada y no se conocía su vínculo con esta provincia magmática, además que los minerales del grupo de eudialita son de elevado interés por su contenido de elementos de tierras raras. En este trabajo se realizaron descripciones petrográficas, análisis geoquímicos de elementos mayores, traza, e isótopos de Sr, Nd, y Pb, así como geocronología U-Pb en zircones. En el CALV, se identificaron granitoides ferroanos, alcalinos, clasificados en dos grupos por su saturación de alúmina: metaluminoso y peralcalino. Un grupo de diques, sills y rocas volcánicas vistas en el Ejido San Miguel, localidad cercana al CALV, muestran semejanzas con las rocas metaluminosas, mientras que los diques y sills que afloran en las periferias del CALV son casi exclusivamente peralcalinos. Las rocas metaluminosas muestran firmas geoquímicas de ambiente post-colisional e intraplaca, mientras que las peralcalinas poseen firmas intraplaca. Ambos grupos muestran poca contaminación cortical, afinidad con una fuente de manto tipo OIB, y atravesaron un basamento Fanerozoico a Precámbrico asociado a la zona interior de la sutura Ouachita. Zircones en las rocas metaluminosas arrojan edades de ca. 48 y 45 Ma, y las condiciones de formación de las rocas indican que las rocas peralcalinas son cogenéticas. Las rocas del CALV se ajustan al modelo de formación de magmas en la PAOM, en el que se propone que el retroceso de la subducción plana de la placa Farallón ocurrió debido a la ruptura del conjugado de Hess, causando el ascenso de la astenósfera y la fusión de un manto litosférico modificado por subducción. Concluida la ruptura y el hundimiento del conjugado de Hess, comienza a contribuir un manto astenosférico metasomatizado a la formación de magmas. El CALV marca la extensión de la PAOM en el noroeste de Coahuila.

At the La Vasca Alkaline Complex (LVAC), outcrops of igneous bodies with peralkaline affinity and eudialyte mineralization were reported, which were not previously considered within the regional magmatism regarding the Eastern Mexican Alkaline Province (EMAP). La Vasca was poorly documented and no link with this magmatic province was properly defined, and additionally, the eudialyte group minerals are of great interest due to its content of rare earth elements. In this work, petrographic descriptions, major and trace element, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope geochemical analysis, as well as U-Pb zircon geochronology were carried out. At the LVAC, two groups of ferroan, alkaline granitoids were identified and classified according to their alumina saturation: metaluminous and peralkaline. A group of dikes, sills, and volcanic rocks at the neighboring locality of Ejido San Miguel show similarities with the metaluminous rocks, while the dikes and sills outcropping at the LVAC periphery are almost exclusively peralkaline. The metaluminous rocks show geochemical signatures of post-collisional and intraplate settings, while the peralkaline ones have intraplate signatures. Both groups show little crustal contamination, affinity to an OIB-type mantle source, and traversed a Precambrian to Phanerozoic basement related to the interior zone of the Ouachita suture. Zircons from the metaluminous rocks have dates of ca. 48 and 45 Ma, and the conditions of rock formation show that the peralkaline rocks are cogenetic. Rocks from the LVAC fit within the model of magma formation in the EMAP, in which it is proposed that the flat-slab roll-back of the Farallon Plate occurred due to the Hess conjugate tearing, causing asthenospheric upwelling and the melting of the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle. Concluding the tearing and foundering of the Hess conjugate, a metasomatized asthenospheric mantle begins to contribute to magma generation. The LVAC marks the extension of the EMAP in northwestern Coahuila.

noroeste de Coahuila, PAOM, magmatismo peralcalino, magmatismo intraplaca, geoquímica, geocronología northwestern Coahuila, EMAP, peralkaline magmatism, intraplate magmatism, geochemistry, geochronology CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO GEOLOGÍA PETROLOGÍA ÍGNEA Y METAMÓRFICA PETROLOGÍA ÍGNEA Y METAMÓRFICA

Movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) at Cocos Island, Costa Rica and between oceanic islands in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Elena Nalesso (2019, [Artículo])

Many species of sharks form aggregations around oceanic islands, yet their levels of residency and their site specificity around these islands may vary. In some cases, the waters around oceanic islands have been designated as marine protected areas, yet the conservation value for threatened shark species will depend greatly on how much time they spend within these protected waters. Eighty-four scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith), were tagged with acoustic transmitters at Cocos Island between 2005–2013. The average residence index, expressed as a proportion of days present in our receiver array at the island over the entire monitoring period, was 0.52±0.31, implying that overall the sharks are strongly associated with the island. Residency was significantly greater at Alcyone, a shallow seamount located 3.6 km offshore from the main island, than at the other sites. Timing of presence at the receiver locations was mostly during daytime hours. Although only a single individual from Cocos was detected on a region-wide array, nine hammerheads tagged at Galapagos and Malpelo travelled to Cocos. The hammerheads tagged at Cocos were more resident than those visiting from elsewhere, suggesting that the Galapagos and Malpelo populations may use Cocos as a navigational waypoint or stopover during seasonal migrations to the coastal Central and South America. Our study demonstrates the importance of oceanic islands for this species, and shows that they may form a network of hotspots in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. © 2019 Nalesso et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

article, Cocos Island, human, monitoring, nonhuman, resident, shark, South America, animal, Costa Rica, environmental protection, island (geological), movement (physiology), physiology, season, shark, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Costa CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA