Sistema de visión para detección de fallas de calidad en la identificación de etiquetas en una línea de producción del giro automotriz

Vision system for the detection of quality failures in the identification of labels in an automotive production line

José Rodrigo Hernández Laguna Jorge Adan Romero Guerrero CAROLINA RETA CASTRO (2023, [Artículo])

Este artículo presenta la implementación de un sistema de visión para la detección de fallas en la identificación de etiquetas en una línea de producción de motores eléctricos de confort para vehículos. Anteriormente, la línea de producción dependía completamente de la inspección visual realizada por un operador. La solución propuesta considera tanto los aspectos técnicos del sistema de visión como otros factores clave para asegurar la calidad del proceso, como: las políticas de aseguramiento de calidad de las normas automotrices vigentes en México (IATF 6949:2016 e ISO9000), la mejora continua, la estadística, la ergonomía y la estandarización de procesos. Los resultados demuestran el éxito de la implementación. El sistema demostró ser efectivo al identificar las fallas de manera precisa; se logró una reducción significativa en el número prioritario de riesgo en el análisis y modo de efectos de falla; y se logró una reducción en la estadística de fallas internas y con el cliente, de 2021 a 2022.

Sistema de visión Análisis y modo de efectos de falla Inspección de defectos Industria automotriz Vision system Analysis and failure effects mode Defect inspection Automotive industry INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Gestión de los monumentos históricos de propiedad pública en el Centro Histórico de Morelia, 1991-2019

Gauri Ivette García Medina (2020, [Tesis de maestría])

Facultad de Arquitectura. Maestría en Arquitectura, Investigación y Restauración de Sitios y Monumentos

The conservation of the architectural heritage that is under the custody of the Mexican government has not been fully observed as a problem for the administration in this country. Apparently, avoiding the physical deterioration of public monuments, located in federal protection zones, has been a successful task. In contrast to this general perception, the way in which changes in government administration generate ruptures and disengagement in planning regarding ways to protect the architectural heritage was observed from the local level. That is why this research carries out a timely review, evidencing the problem that exists around government management to conserve monuments in the Historic Center of Morelia, from its incorporation as a site in the world heritage list in 1991 until the year of 2019 where a turn of national politics manifests. In order to identify, the level of incidence of the government to carry out actions around the protection of publicly owned historical monuments; The changes of political visions in the different administrative procedures are characterized by evaluating the physical state of the buildings and documenting the way in which the local vision has been gradually transformed in favor of its conservation. By contrasting the political will of several administrations with the restorations in the architectural facts, the methodological proposal provides a broadening of the spectrum of analysis. Which has the possibility of being used prior to practical decision making for asset protection. The review of the units of analysis revealed that the lack of continuity in government management around the heritage violates the conservation processes.

La conservación de patrimonio arquitectónico que se encuentra bajo resguardo del gobierno mexicano no ha sido considerada como una circunstancia digna de atención para las entidades encargadas del mismo. En apariencia, consideran que ha sido una tarea exitosa su labor de evitar el deterioro físico de los monumentos públicos ubicados en zonas de protección federal. En contraste a esta percepción generalizada, desde el ámbito local ha podido observarse que los cambios de administración de gobierno sólo han generado rupturas y desvinculaciones en la planeación respecto de las formas de proteger el patrimonio arquitectónico. Por ello, la presente investigación realiza una revisión puntual sobre dicha situación, evidenciando la problemática que existe en torno de la gestión gubernamental para conservar monumentos en el Centro Histórico de Morelia. El trabajo indaga en el periodo que va de 1991, cuando fue incorporado en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, al año de 2019, donde se hizo patente un cambio de dirección en la política nacional. Con el objetivo de identificar el grado de incidencia del gobierno en las acciones relacionadas con la protección de monumentos históricos de propiedad pública, se analizan y definen las visiones políticas de las diferentes gestiones administrativas mediante la evaluación del estado físico de los inmuebles y se documenta la evolución paulatina de la visión local a favor de la conservación de los mismos. La propuesta metodológica del presente trabajo busca contrastar la voluntad política de varias administraciones con las restauraciones llevadas a cabo sobre los hechos arquitectónicos, logrando aportar un espectro de análisis más amplio. Así, se tiene posibilidad de utilizarla como base para tomar decisiones prácticas para la protección patrimonial. La revisión de las unidades de análisis reveló que la falta de continuidad en la gestión gubernamental en torno al patrimonio vulnera los procesos de conservación.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA FA-M-2020-0241 Conservación arquitectónica Monumento público Visión política Agentes de decisión

Sistemas de producción sostenibles y redes de innovación

Jelle Van Loon (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS INNOVATION PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS

Last mile seed delivery approaches in Sudan and beyond: an annotated bibliography

Hugo De Groote Paswel Marenya (2023, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SYSTEMS SEED INDUSTRY BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Violeta, azul, verde, amarillo, naranja, rojo ¡Quién ve que color!

DIEGO FRANCISCO ANGULO PEREZ (2022, [Artículo])

Entender como los colores son percibidos por los polinizadores es una tarea fundamental para la ecología y la agricultura. La mayoría de los trabajos se han realizado usando la percepción de color del ojo humano; sin embargo, el ojo especializado de un insecto percibe colores en diferentes longitudes de onda dependiendo del tipo y número de fotoreceptores que contenga. En la actualidad con el avance de la ciencia y la tecnología se realizan medidas de reflectancias de las flores y se desarrollan modelos de visión de insectos y otros grupos de polinizadores que nos permiten de una manera más precisa entender la interacción plantapolinizador y la evolución del color floral.

COLORES FLORALES ECOLOGIA EVOLUCION MODELOS DE VISION POLINIZADORES REFLECTANCIA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Sistemas agroalimentarios sustentables: aumento de rentabilidad con uso eficiente de insumos y preservación del medio ambiente

Jelle Van Loon (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION COVID-19 CONFLICTS CLIMATE CHANGE

Gender analysis of household seed security : A case of maize and wheat seed systems in Nepal

Hom Nath Gartaula (2022, [Libro])

Seed Security Mountains CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SEED SYSTEMS MAIZE WHEAT ROLE OF WOMEN WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION

Women, economic resilience, gender norms in a time of climate change: what do we know?

Cathy Farnworth Anne Rietveld Rachel Voss Angela Meentzen (2023, [Artículo])

This literature delves into 82 research articles, published between 2016 and 2022, to develop a deep understanding of how women manage their lives and livelihoods within their agrifood systems when these systems are being affected, sometimes devastatingly, by climate change. The Findings show that four core gender norms affect the ability of women to achieve economic resilience in the face of climate change operate in agrifood production systems. Each of these gender norms speaks to male privilege: (i) Men are primary decision-makers, (ii) Men are breadwinners, (iii) Men control assets, and (iv) Men are food system actors. These gender norms are widely held and challenge women’s abilities to become economically resilient. These norms are made more powerful still because they fuse with each other and act on multiple levels, and they serve to support other norms which limit women’s scope to act. It is particularly noteworthy that many institutional actors, ranging from community decision-makers to development partners, tend to reinforce rather than challenge gender norms because they do not critically review their own assumptions.

However, the four gender norms cited are not hegemonic. First, there is limited and intriguing evidence that intersectional identities can influence women’s resilience in significant ways. Second, gender norms governing women’s roles and power in agrifood systems are changing in response to climate change and other forces, with implications for how women respond to future climate shocks. Third, paying attention to local realities is important – behaviours do not necessarily substantiate local norms. Fourth, women experience strong support from other women in savings groups, religious organisations, reciprocal labour, and others. Fifth, critical moments, such as climate disasters, offer potentially pivotal moments of change which could permit women unusually high levels of agency to overcome restrictive gender norms without being negatively sanctioned. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

Economic Resilience Intersectional Identities Women Groups Support CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ECONOMICS RESILIENCE CLIMATE CHANGE GENDER NORMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS WOMEN

Bundling subsurface drip irrigation with no-till provides a window to integrate mung bean with intensive cereal systems for improving resource use efficiency

Manish Kakraliya madhu choudhary Mahesh Gathala Parbodh Chander Sharma ML JAT (2024, [Artículo])

The future of South Asia’s major production system (rice–wheat rotation) is at stake due to continuously aggravating pressure on groundwater aquifers and other natural resources which will further intensify with climate change. Traditional practices, conventional tillage (CT) residue burning, and indiscriminate use of groundwater with flood irrigation are the major drivers of the non-sustainability of rice–wheat (RW) system in northwest (NW) India. For designing sustainable practices in intensive cereal systems, we conducted a study on bundled practices (zero tillage, residue mulch, precise irrigation, and mung bean integration) based on multi-indicator (system productivity, profitability, and efficiency of water, nitrogen, and energy) analysis in RW system. The study showed that bundling conservation agriculture (CA) practices with subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) saved ~70 and 45% (3-year mean) of irrigation water in rice and wheat, respectively, compared to farmers’ practice/CT practice (pooled data of Sc1 and Sc2; 1,035 and 318 mm ha−1). On a 3-year system basis, CA with SDI scenarios (mean of Sc5–Sc8) saved 35.4% irrigation water under RW systems compared to their respective CA with flood irrigation (FI) scenarios (mean of Sc3 and Sc4) during the investigation irrespective of residue management. CA with FI system increased the water productivity (WPi) and its use efficiency (WUE) by ~52 and 12.3% (3-year mean), whereas SDI improved by 221.2 and 39.2% compared to farmers practice (Sc1; 0.69 kg grain m−3 and 21.39 kg grain ha−1 cm−1), respectively. Based on the 3-year mean, CA with SDI (mean of Sc5–Sc8) recorded −2.5% rice yield, whereas wheat yield was +25% compared to farmers practice (Sc1; 5.44 and 3.79 Mg ha−1) and rice and wheat yield under CA with flood irrigation were increased by +7 and + 11%, compared to their respective CT practices. Mung bean integration in Sc7 and Sc8 contributed to ~26% in crop productivity and profitability compared to farmers’ practice (Sc1) as SDI facilitated advancing the sowing time by 1 week. On a system basis, CA with SDI improved energy use efficiency (EUE) by ~70% and partial factor productivity of N by 18.4% compared to CT practices. In the RW system of NW India, CA with SDI for precise water and N management proved to be a profitable solution to address the problems of groundwater, residue burning, sustainable intensification, and input (water and energy) use with the potential for replication in large areas in NW India.

Direct Seeded Rice Subsurface Drip Irrigation Economic Profitability Energy and Nitrogen Efficiency CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE RICE SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION IRRIGATION SYSTEMS WATER PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMIC VIABILITY ENERGY EFFICIENCY NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY

Targeted nitrogen management to increase cereal production while reducing nitrogen consumption in India

Tek Sapkota Sieglinde Snapp (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CEREAL PRODUCTS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS CEREALS NITROGEN RICE WHEAT MAIZE