Caracterización de fuentes puntuales de contaminación en el rio Atoyac, México

María del Pilar Saldaña Fabela María Antonieta Gómez Balandra (2006, [Artículo])

Es claro que los problemas de contaminación en los cuerpos de agua, se deben principalmente a las descargas puntuales que son vertidas sin previo tratamiento, y a las que pasan por algún proceso de tratamiento remueven ligeramente los contaminantes, debido a una baja eficiencia de remoción, o bien a que el sistema de tratamiento no es el adecuado para el tipo de compuestos que se descargan. En México la normatividad establece que las descargas deben de cumplir con los parámetros de la NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, la cual enlista a ocho básicos, nueve metales pesados y un microbiológico. El objetivo del estudio fue el determinar la calidad del agua de las fuentes puntuales de contaminación que son aportadas al río Atoyac, Puebla y su cumplimiento con la normatividad vigente. Se realizaron muestreos de las descargas industriales para identificar aquellos parámetros que sobrepasaron la norma, asimismo, se incluyo el análisis de toxicidad con Vibrio fischery para evaluar la mezcla de contaminantes de la descarga y contar con información de en parámetro que integra los probables efectos adversos que se presenten en cuerpo receptor.

Ríos Fuentes puntuales de contaminación Río Atoyac BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Métodos analíticos para determinación de compuestos emergentes en agua

MARTHA AVILÉS FLORES NORMA RAMIREZ SALINAS (2014, [Documento de trabajo])

Los objetivos principales de este proyecto fueron: 1) desarrollar e implementar metodologías para la identificación y cuantificación de compuestos emergentes en aguas subterráneas y superficiales; y 2) Evaluar la correlación entre los parámetros de color verdadero, absorbancia en el rango de UV, COT y compuestos orgánicos con muestras sintéticas.

Contaminación del agua Contaminantes emergentes Antibióticos Informes de proyectos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Emotions and social representations of distance education in university students from Chihuahua during the Covid-19 pandemic

Alejandro Mendoza Abraham Sifuentes (2024, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article analyzes the social representations that university students developed during the period of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly regarding their decision to continue their studies despite the challenges posed by the closure of educational institutions. The study is based on the situation in the northwest region of Chihuahua, encompassing at least 10 municipalities. This study utilized a mixed descriptive research approach, involving a survey comprising 69 items. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2021 among 313 students from five different academic programs within the Multidisciplinary Division of the UACJ in Nuevo Casas Grandes. Findings revealed that students, during the pandemic, had negative experiences with long distance education, primarily due to issues such as emotional management, time management skills, and poor technological access. These challenges resulted in negative emotions, although students did not perceive a decline in academic performance or disruptions in interactions with teachers or peers.

educación superior confinamiento representaciones sociales experiencias HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA higher education confinement social representations experiences

La cuenca del río Conchos: una mirada desde las ciencias ante el cambio climático

Martín José Montero Martínez OSCAR FIDENCIO IBAÑEZ HERNANDEZ (2017, [Libro])

Por muchos años, la cuenca del río Conchos ha sido objeto de diversos estudios. En parte, por la importancia que tiene para la economía del estado de Chihuahua, además del volumen de agua que se comparte internacionalmente dentro del Tratado de Aguas Internacionales de 1944 entre México y Estados Unidos de América. La cantidad de agua del río Conchos que llega al río Bravo se mide en su confluencia y, de acuerdo con el tratado mencionado, beneficia en una tercera parte al estado de Texas y dos terceras partes al resto de los estados aguas abajo del lado mexicano, particularmente al estado de Tamaulipas. La presente obra se enfoca hacia la detección de cambio climático. Se intenta analizar si ya existen algunas pruebas o indicios a escala regional del calentamiento global observado, de aproximadamente 1 °C, con respecto a la época preindustrial. A partir de ahí, se estudian los posibles impactos en los sectores ambiental y social que podrían ser consecuencia de cambios en el clima, no necesariamente atribuidos a causas antrópicas.

Cuencas Cambio climático Río Conchos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Nueva normalidad y violencia en la Sierra de Guerrero.

JOHN KENNY ACUÑA VILLAVICENCIO GABINO SOLANO RAMIREZ (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

Los recientes sucesos ocurridos en la Sierra de Guerrero, México, como el conflicto interno entre los cárteles de la droga, el desplazamiento forzado interno, la desaparición individual y colectiva de personas, así como el despojo territorial y la tala de árboles responden a un nuevo orden en cuyo eje se encuentra la invisibilización de luchas y resistencias campesinas que apelan por un mundo de paz social. Este proceso el cual ¿consiste en existir, en ser-ahí y, al mismo tiempo, en no ser visto/percibido u oído/escuchado¿ ha logrado alterar el tejido social de las comunidades y reproducir economías de enclave controladas por la industria de la droga (Bourdin, 2017, p. 17).

CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA SOCIOLOGÍA POLÍTICA CONFLICTOS SOCIALES

“We place our hope in the land”: defense of the territory against mining in Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla

Veronica Vazquez_Garcia Esteban Martínez Vásquez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Mexico occupies first place in mining exploration in Latin America, a situation that has caused alarm among native peoples because the implementation of extractive projects threatens their vital space. The objective of this paper is to analyze the actions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the Ixtaca Project in Ixtacamaxtitlán, Puebla, as well as the strategies of territorial defense undertaken by the communities to stop its expansion. Data was gathered through one survey, one workshop and various interviews conducted in three communities affected by the project. Results discuss three actions of CSR: 1) job offers; 2) investment in community infrastructure; 3) support for social events. Three main defense strategies were identified: 1) collective agreements refusing to sell water to the company; 2) legal litigations in favor of the right to be consulted as native peoples; 3) the strengthening of peasant agriculture thanks to the defense of the ejido, the conservation of irrigation water and the support received from the federal program Sembrando Vida. The paper concludes that, despite the negative impacts of RCS actions, these strategies have proven effective because mining concessions have been cancelled and some families have returned to agriculture.  

native peoples peasantry mining OIT Convention socioenvironmental conflict pueblos originarios campesinado minería Convenio OIT conflicto socioambiental CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Analysis of adoption of conservation agriculture practices in southern Africa: mixed-methods approach

Adane Tufa Hambulo Ngoma Paswel Marenya Christian Thierfelder (2023, [Artículo])

In southern Africa, conservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted to address low agricultural productivity, food insecurity, and land degradation. However, despite significant experimental evidence on the agronomic and economic benefits of CA and large scale investments by the donor community and national governments, adoption rates among smallholders remain below expectation. The main objective of this research project was thus to investigate why previous efforts and investments to scale CA technologies and practices in southern Africa have not led to widespread adoption. The paper applies a multivariate probit model and other methods to survey data from 4,373 households and 278 focus groups to identify the drivers and barriers of CA adoption in Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The results show that declining soil fertility is a major constraint to maize production in Zambia and Malawi, and drought/heat is more pronounced in Zimbabwe. We also find gaps between (a) awareness and adoption, (b) training and adoption, and (c) demonstration and adoption rates of CA practices in all three countries. The gaps are much bigger between awareness and adoption and much smaller between hosting demonstration and adoption, suggesting that much of the awareness of CA practices has not translated to greater adoption. Training and demonstrations are better conduits to enhance adoption than mere awareness creation. Therefore, demonstrating the applications and benefits of CA practices is critical for promoting CA practices in all countries. Besides, greater adoption of CA practices requires enhancing farmers’ access to inputs, addressing drudgery associated with CA implementation, enhancing farmers’ technical know-how, and enacting and enforcing community bylaws regarding livestock grazing and wildfires. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for policy and investments in CA promotion.

Adoption Focus Group Discussion CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CLIMATE CHANGE

Challenging the climate change effects on agriculture: need business unusual

ML JAT (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE FOOD SYSTEMS CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SUSTAINABILITY INNOVATION

Pathways from information to the adoption of conservation agriculture practices in Malawi and Tanzania

Paswel Marenya Dil Bahadur Rahut (2023, [Artículo])

To reduce agriculture's carbon, land and water footprint, the diffusion of conservation farming methods is one commonly cited proposition. Yet the process of translating available information on new conservation farming methods into farmers' practices is often a black box in many studies. This understanding is critical to inform strategies for scaling these complex, knowledge-intensive, but necessary practices for improving agriculture's resource and climate balance sheet. By implementing a series of mediation analysis using data from 700 households in Malawi and 930 households in Tanzania, this study examines how an improved understanding of conservation agriculture (CA) principles is an important mediator in the pathway from extension contact to the adoption of two of the CA practices examined. For the adoption of conservation tillage, the share of the mediated treatment effect was in the 31.5–34.4% range, while it was 31.6–46.9% for the adoption of soil cover (mulching). Our results suggest that unless learning from external sources strongly correlates with improved farmers' technical understanding of new farming practices, private learning by doing must be a critical adjunct to other avenues of learning. Beyond the basic promotional goals, improving farmers' technical know-how needs to be the centerpiece of holistic efforts in support of conservation farming and similar knowledge-intensive practices necessary for agriculture's sustinability goals.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE SMALLHOLDERS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FIELD EXPERIMENTATION

Rainfall water quality at Atlixco, Puebla

Margarita Teutli Andrés Armando Sánchez Erendira Moreno Gutierrez (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

This work reports the follow up of rainfall water quality at Atlixco, Puebla during the 2018 season. The main objective of this work was to evaluate how height and pollutants define the quality of water precipitated. Samples were collected at the roof of a house in Atlixco center, and others at the roof of a convent located at the San Miguel Hill, this represents a 44 m difference in height. Chemical composition was analyzed for 19 physicochemical parameters using gravimetric and spectrophotometric techniques. Obtained results were compared with drinking water standards finding that Pb and Cd contents are exceeded. Also, it was found a strong contribution of terrestrial sources since the marine rates are above unit, as well as excess concentrations whose values go from negative to positive. Finally, Pearson correlation was obtained finding that most of chemical parameters correlations are in disagreement for both sites, fact which confirms that ionic content is strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources.

rainfall ionic content marine rates excess concentrations Lluvia contenido iónico cociente marino concentración en exceso Estudios urbanos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA