Variación fenotípica de caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos de Hesperoyucca whipplei (Asparagaceae) en Baja California, México

Phenotypic variation of vegetative and reproductive traits of Hesperoyucca whipplei (Asparagaceae) in Baja California, Mexico

Melissa Michelle Alvarez Mexia (2024, [Tesis de maestría])

La variación fenotípica hereditaria de diferentes órganos de las plantas se ha relacionado con adaptaciones para tolerar el ambiente abiótico y mantener relaciones ecológicas. Específicamente se ha planteado que los órganos vegetativos de las plantas están bajo selección por disponibilidad de agua o luz, mientras que la variación de rasgos florales en especies con polinización zoocórica está fuertemente influenciada por sus polinizadores. Esto sugiere que la fortaleza de la covariación fenotípica entre órganos vegetativos y florales puede ser diferente dependiendo del estrés ambiental considerado. Según la hipótesis de Berg, las plantas con sistemas de polinización especializados desvinculan la morfología floral de la variación fenotípica en los caracteres vegetativos debido a la presión selectiva del polinizador. Se probó esto en la yuca de chaparral, Hesperoyucca whipplei, ya que se distribuye en diferentes ambientes a lo largo de la península de Baja California, y es polinizada únicamente por la polilla Tegeticula maculata. Esperamos que la heterogeneidad ambiental afecte principalmente a los niveles de variación fenotípica de los órganos vegetativos de las poblaciones de H. whipplei, causando cambios en la morfología entre poblaciones. Sin embargo, dada la polinización obligada, esperamos que la variación de los rasgos florales sea menor que la variación de sus rasgos vegetativos. Para probarlo, se tomaron datos morfométricos vegetativos y reproductivos de 202 individuos en 16 localidades. Los resultados mostraron amplia variación fenotípica en los caracteres vegetativos y reproductivos no florales y una menor variación fenotípica en los caracteres florales, especialmente el pistilo, con el cual interactúa directamente el polinizador. La temperatura y precipitación influyeron significativamente en la variación de la altura total de la planta y sobre los pétalos y pistilo en las flores. Se detectó una asociación entre los caracteres vegetativos y los reproductivos no florales, mientras que no se encontró una relación con los caracteres florales. A partir de esto se identificaron dos módulos fenotípicos altamente integrados, uno vegetativo y uno floral, lo que respalda la hipótesis de Berg y sugiere que experimentan presiones de selección diferentes. Nuestros hallazgos resaltan como la variación fenotípica en poblaciones de plantas es modulada por condiciones ambientales e interacciones ecológicas.

Hereditary phenotypic variation of different plant organs has been related to adaptations that allow them to tolerate the abiotic environment and maintain ecological relationships with other organisms. Specifically, it has been proposed that the vegetative organs of the plants are under selection due to the availability of water or sunlight, while the variation of floral traits in species with zoochoric pollination is strongly influenced by their pollinators. This suggests that the strength of the phenotypic co-variation between vegetative and floral organs may be different depending on the environmental stress considered. According to Berg's hypothesis, plants with specialized pollination systems dissociate floral morphology from phenotypic variation in vegetative traits due to selective pressure from the pollinator. The chaparral yuca, Hesperoyucca whipplei, is a good model to test this, since it is distributed in different environments along the Baja California peninsula, and this plant is pollinated only by the Tegeticula maculata moth. We expect that environmental heterogeneity primarily affects the levels of phenotypic variation of the vegetative organs of H. whipplei populations, causing changes in morphology between populations. However, given the obligatory pollination by the moth, we expect that the variation in the floral traits will be lesser than the variation in their vegetative traits. To test this, vegetative and reproductive morphometric data were taken from 202 individuals in 16 locations. The results showed wide phenotypic variation in vegetative and non-floral reproductive traits and lower phenotypic variation in floral traits, especially the pistil, which directly interacts with the pollinator. Temperature and precipitation significantly influenced the variation of the total height of the plant and on the petals and pistil in the flowers. An association was detected between vegetative and non-floral reproductive characters, while no relationship was found with floral characters. From this, two highly integrated phenotypic modules, one vegetative and one floral, were identified, which supports Berg's hypothesis and suggests that they experience different selection pressures. Our findings highlight how phenotypic variation in plant populations is modulated by environmental conditions and ecological interactions.

Baja California, Hesperoyucca whipplei, hipótesis de Berg, variación fenotípica Baja California, Berg’s hypothesis, Hesperoyucca whipplei, phenotypic variation BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Hyperiid amphipods from the Gulf of Ulloa and offshore region, Baja California: The possible role of the gelatinous zooplankton as a transport vector into the coastal shelf waters

Bertha Lavaniegos (2020, [Artículo])

Hyperiid amphipod species from the Gulf of Ulloa, Baja California, and the adjacent region (from the shelf break to 200 km offshore) were analyzed to evaluate diversity and abundances. This productive area supports small-scale commercial fisheries, including sand bass (Paralabrax nebulifer), California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), abalones, clams, and others. Strong coastal upwelling events were observed during summer seasons of the period 2002-2008 between Punta Eugenia and Punta Abreojos. The upwelling plumes at Punta Abreojos are transported southward in slope waters bordering the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, contributing to the separation of coastal and oceanic regions, and explain differences in amphipod diversity and abundances between both regions. In the offshore region, the most abundant species were Vibilia armata, Lestrigonus schizogeneios, Primno brevidens, and Eupronoe minuta, similar to previous findings in northern regions of Baja California and southern California. However, abundances of these species were lower (10-30 individuals/1000 m3), only reaching 20-50% of abundance levels reported off northern Baja California. In the coastal shelf of the Gulf of Ulloa, amphipods were virtually absent during 2002, 2003 and 2006. However, during 2004 and 2005, abundances of P. brevidens increased (54 and 20 ind/1000 m3, respectively). Moreover, during the late summer of 2007, abundances of L. schizogeneios, P. brevidens, Lycaea nasuta, Lycaea pulex, and Simorhynchotus antennarius increased considerably (261, 39, 31, 68, 416 ind/1000 m3, respectively), indicating occasional utilization of the coastal shelf by pelagic amphipods. Changes in gelatinous populations (medusae, siphonophores, ctenophores, doliolids, and salps) paralleled changes in hyperiid populations, with highest abundances in 2005-2008 in the coastal shelf. Significant correlations of 17 amphipod species with gelatinous taxa, which are often used as host organisms by hyperiid amphipods, suggest that gelatinous presence enhanced hyperiid abundance and promoted the progression of hyperiid amphipods onto the coastal shelf during parts of the 2002-2008 period. © 2020 Bertha E. Lavaniegos. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

abalone, Amphipoda, article, Baja California, clam, clinical article, Ctenophora, Eugenia, female, fishery, human, human experiment, male, medusa, nonhuman, Panulirus interruptus, plume, summer, zooplankton, Amphipoda, animal, California, ecosystem, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Digital artifacts reveal development and diffusion of climate research

Bia Carneiro Tek Sapkota (2022, [Artículo])

Accessible Knowledge Impact of Outputs Traditional Bibliometric Analyses Hyperlink Analysis CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE DIFFUSION MAIZE MINING ORGANIZATION SOCIAL MEDIA SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS WHEAT TEXT MINING

Propuesta paisajística integral para la UAM, Unidad Azcapotzalco

Cynthia García Marín (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

315 páginas. Maestría en Diseño, Planificación y Conservación de Paisajes y Jardines.

En México, la educación superior comienza en 1521 cuando la universidad se crea como institución educativa, inaugurando en 1553 La Real y Pontificia Universidad de México. En 1910 se funda la Universidad Nacional de México y en 1954 fue inaugurada la Ciudad Universitaria de la UNAM, esta fecha representa un hito en la historia de los espacios físicos de las universidades mexicanas. Debido a la demanda de educación superior y al movimiento estudiantil de 1968, se concibe la idea de crear una nueva universidad en la ZONA METROPOLITANA de la Ciudad de México, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana con sus Unidades al norte, al oriente y al sur, posteriormente se abrieron 2 Unidades más. Cada una de estas Unidades funciona de manera independiente, teniendo sus propios órganos de decisión, lo que se refleja en la planta física de conjunto. Es al norte de la ciudad donde surge la Unidad Azcapotzalco, que con el paso de los años se ha ido conformando de acuerdo a sus necesidades inmediatas tratando de seguir el proyecto inicial, sin embargo, debido a los ajustes en sus diferentes intervenciones arquitectónicas, se ha propiciado una falta de integración entre el espacio arquitectónico y el espacio abierto impactando directamente en el paisaje y en la pérdida gradual de identidad de la Unidad. Este trabajo reúne la información que describe la conformación del paisaje en la Unidad a lo largo de casi 50 años, en donde se analizan los componentes del paisaje en sus diferentes sistemas; ecológico-conformación medioambiental, sociocultural-conformación de la estructura urbana, polisensorial-conformación a través de los sentidos y su contexto histórico-conformación a través del tiempo. Esta identificación, permite realizar el análisis detallado de los factores que intervienen directa e indirectamente en el estado actual del paisaje de la Unidad, con este diagnóstico se elabora una síntesis creativa que especifica las limitaciones y potencialidades que afectan la conformación del espacio abierto. A partir de esto se elaboró un plan maestro, que integra las principales líneas de acción, estructuradas en ejes de diseño que tienen como propósito ordenar y facilitar la programación para mejorar las condiciones actuales por medio de acciones específicas que contribuyan al mejoramiento, conservación y creación de un paisaje que se integre en su conjunto y permita a la UAM-Azcapotzalco ser revalorizada como un sitio con identidad y con valores históricos, sociales, estéticos, biológicos y paisajísticos.

In Mexico, higher education began in 1521 when the university was created as an educational institution, inaugurating in 1553 La Real y Pontificia Universidad de México. The National University of Mexico was founded in 1910 and the UNAM University City was inaugurated in 1954, this date represents a milestone in the history of the physical spaces of Mexican universities. Due to the demand for higher education and the student movement of 1968, the idea of creating a new university in the METROPOLITAN ZONE of Mexico City was conceived, the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana with its Units to the north, east and south, later 2 more Units were opened. Each one of these Units works independently, having its own decision-making bodies, which is reflected in the physical plant as a whole. It is to the north of the city where the Azcapotzalco Unit arises, which over the years has had to conform according to its immediate needs trying to follow the initial project, however, due to adjustments in its different architectural interventions, a lack of integration between the architectural space and the open space has been fostered, directly impacting the landscape and the gradual loss of identity of the Unit. This work gathers the information that describes the conformation of the landscape in the Unit over almost 50 years, where the components of the landscape in its different systems are analyzed; ecological-environmental conformation, sociocultural-conformation of the urban structure, polysensory-conformation through the senses and its historical context-conformation through time. This identification allows a detailed analysis of the factors that intervene directly and indirectly in the current state of the landscape of the Unit, with this diagnosis a creative synthesis is elaborated that specifies the limitations and potentialities that affect the conformation of the open space. Based on this, a master plan was prepared, which integrates the main lines of action, structured into design axes whose purpose is to order and facilitate programming to improve current conditions through specific actions that contribute to the improvement, conservation and creation of a landscape that is integrated as a whole and allows the UAM-Azcapotzalco to be revalued as a site with identity and with historical, social, aesthetic, biological and landscape values.

Paisaje, universidad, conformación, diagnóstico, lineamientos, identidad, integrar, revalorizar, plan maestro, propuesta. Landscape, university, conformation, diagnosis, guidelines, identity, integrate, revalue, master plan, proposal. Landscape design. Landscape assessment. Landscape changes. Landscapes--Social aspects. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Diseño de paisajes. Evaluación del paisaje. Cambios de paisaje. SB472.45 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS ARQUITECTURA JARDINES Y PARQUES

Global surveillance summary

David Hodson (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT RUSTS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS

Towards gender-inclusive innovation: Assessing local conditions for agricultural targeting

Diana E. Lopez Romain Frelat Lone Badstue (2022, [Artículo])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE CLIMATE FEMALES GENDER HUMANS GENDER EQUALITY

On-farm storage loss estimates of maize in Kenya using community survey methods

Hugo De Groote Anani Bruce (2023, [Artículo])

Maize is the most important staple in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with highly seasonal production. High storage losses affect food security, but good estimations are lacking. A new method using focus group discussions (FGDs) was tested with 121 communities (1439 farmers, 52% women) in Kenya's six maize-growing zones, to estimate the maize losses to storage pests and analyze farmer practices. As control strategies, half of the farmers used chemical pesticides (49%), while hermetic bags (16%) and botanicals (15%) were also popular. Relative loss from weevils in the long rains was estimated at 23%, in the short rains 18%, and annually 21%. Fewer farmers were affected by the larger grain borer (LGB) than by maize weevils: 42% in the long rainy season and 32% in the short rainy season; losses from LGB were also smaller: 19% in the long season, 17% in the short season, and 18% over the year. Total storage loss, from both species combined, was estimated at 36%, or 671,000 tonnes per year. The greatest losses occur in the humid areas, especially the moist mid-altitudes (56%), and with smaller loss in the drylands (20–23%). Extrapolating the point data and overlaying with the maize production map shows the geographic distribution of the losses, with the most important area found around Lake Victoria. FGDs provide convenient and cheap tools to estimate storage losses in representative communities, but a total loss estimate of 36% is higher than is found in other studies, so its accuracy and framing effects need to be assessed. We conclude that storage pests remain a major problem, especially in western Kenya, and that the use of environmentally friendly technologies such as hermetic storage and botanicals needs more attention, both by the public extension service and private agrodealers.

Larger Grain Borer Maize Weevil CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MAIZE STORAGE LOSSES PESTS SURVEY METHODS

Wheat rust early warning systems in Ethiopia: using new technologies to combat crop disease

Gerald Blasch (2020, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUSTS MONITORING DISEASE SURVEILLANCE EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

Do marine reserves increase prey for California sea lions and Pacific harbor seals?

ALEJANDRO ARIAS DEL RAZO (2019, [Artículo])

Community marine reserves are geographical areas closed to fishing activities, implemented and enforced by the same fishermen that fish around them. Their main objective is to recover commercial stocks of fish and invertebrates. While marine reserves have proven successful in many parts of the world, their success near important marine predator colonies, such as the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii), is yet to be analyzed. In response to the concerns expressed by local fishermen about the impact of the presence of pinnipeds on their communities’ marine reserves, we conducted underwater surveys around four islands in the Pacific west of the Baja California Peninsula: two without reserves (Todos Santos and San Roque); one with a recently established reserve (San Jeronimo); and, a fourth with reserves established eight years ago (Natividad). All these islands are subject to similar rates of exploitation by fishing cooperatives with exclusive rights. We estimated fish biomass and biodiversity in the seas around the islands, applying filters for potential California sea lion and harbor seal prey using known species from the literature. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that the age of the reserve has a significant positive effect on fish biomass, while the site (inside or outside of the reserve) did not, with a similar result found for the biomass of the prey of the California sea lion. Fish biodiversity was also higher around Natividad Island, while invertebrate biodiversity was higher around San Roque. These findings indicate that marine reserves increase overall fish diversity and biomass, despite the presence of top predators, even increasing the numbers of their potential prey. Community marine reserves may help to improve the resilience of marine mammals to climate-driven phenomena and maintain a healthy marine ecosystem for the benefit of both pinnipeds and fishermen. © 2019 Arias-Del-Razo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, biodiversity, biomass, climate change, ecosystem resilience, environmental exploitation, fish stock, fishing, marine environment, marine invertebrate, nonhuman, Phoca vitulina, Pinnipedia, prey searching, Zalophus californianus, animal, biom BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)

Emmer wheat eco-geographic and genomic congruence shapes phenotypic performance under mediterranean climate

Dana Fuerst SHAILESH YADAV Rajib Roychowdhury Carolina Sansaloni Sariel Hübner (2022, [Artículo])

Emmer Wheat CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA WHEAT GENETIC VARIATION CLIMATE PHENOLOGY YIELDS MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE