El génesis de la distopía. Elementos distópicos en el cuento “La última guerra” de Amado Nervo

Javier Martínez Javalois (2023, [Otro, Trabajo terminal, especialidad])

55 páginas. Especialización en Literatura Mexicana del Siglo XX.

Esta investigación recibió el apoyo del Sistema Nacional de Posgrados (SNP) del Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (México). CONAHCYT.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar el cuento “La última guerra” (1906) de Amado Nervo (1870-1919), partiendo desde la literatura de ciencia ficción, en particular desde la temática de la distopía. En el cuento “La última guerra”, el autor evidencia el conflicto que se da entre la humanidad y una sociedad animal por el caos que ha provocado el dominio del hombre sobre el mundo y sobre las criaturas; ante la imposibilidad de estas últimas para revertir esta condición a lo largo del tiempo, se gesta una animadversión que desencadena una batalla entre ambas especies: los humanos y los animales. Este trabajo pretende mostrar el cambio en la sociedad ficcionalizada por Amado Nervo, el surgimiento y alcance máximo como sociedad y su crisis partiendo desde el punto inicial de la conflagración. La animadversión que acontece entre humanos y animales en un mundo cuya posesión está en disputa brinda elementos para un análisis de la antes mencionada sociedad distópica. A mi modo de ver, el acercamiento al análisis desde esta perspectiva resulta útil para entender cómo operan la desigualdad y la estratificación social en la estructura narrativa y el tiempo propuestos por Nervo en la ficción.

Nervo, Amado, 1870-1919--Criticism and interpretation. Dystopias in literature. Human-animal relationships--Fiction. Aggressive behavior in animals--Fiction. Distopías en la literatura. Relaciones hombre-animal en el arte. Animales en la literatura. PQ7297.N5 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS TEORÍA, ANÁLISIS Y CRÍTICA LITERARIAS

Protein retention assessment of four levels of poultry by-product substitution of fishmeal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets using stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N) as natural tracers

DANIEL BADILLO ZAPATA (2014, [Artículo])

This is second part from an experiment where the nitrogen retention of poultry by-product meal (PBM) compared to fishmeal (FM) was evaluated using traditional indices. Here a quantitative method using stable isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ15N values) as natural tracers of nitrogen incorporation into fish biomass is assessed. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed for 80 days on isotopically distinct diets in which 0, 33, 66 and 100% of FM as main protein source was replaced by PBM. The diets were isonitrogenous, isolipidic and similar in gross energy content. Fish in all treatments reached isotopic equilibrium by the end of the experiment. Two-source isotope mixing models that incorporated the isotopic composition of FM and PBM as well as that of formulated feeds, empirically derived trophic discrimination factors and the isotopic composition of fish that had reached isotopic equilibrium to the diets were used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the retention of each source of nitrogen. Fish fed the diets with 33 and 66% replacement of FM by PBM retained poultry by-product meal roughly in proportion to its level of inclusion in the diets, whereas no differences were detected in the protein efficiency ratio. Coupled with the similar biomass gain of fishes fed the different diets, our results support the inclusion of PBM as replacement for fishmeal in aquaculture feeds. A re-feeding experiment in which all fish were fed a diet of 100% FM for 28 days indicated isotopic turnover occurred very fast, providing further support for the potential of isotopic ratios as tracers of the retention of specific protein sources into fish tissues. Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool for studies that seek to obtain quantitative estimates of the retention of different protein sources. © 2014 Badillo et al.

nitrogen 15, nitrogen, protein intake, animal behavior, animal experiment, animal food, animal tissue, aquaculture, Article, biomass, controlled study, energy metabolism, food composition, juvenile animal, nonhuman, poultry by product meal, protein a CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

The Pacific harbor seal gut microbiota in Mexico: Its relationship with diet and functional inferences

ARLETTE MARIMAR PACHECO SANDOVAL (2019, [Artículo])

Diet is a primary driver of the composition of gut microbiota and is considered one of the main routes of microbial colonization. Prey identification is fundamental for correlating the diet with the presence of particular microbial groups. The present study examined how diet influenced the composition and function of the gut microbiota of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) in order to better understand the role of prey consumption in shaping its microbiota. This species is a good indicator of the quality of the local environment due to both its foraging and haul-out site fidelity. DNA was extracted from 20 fecal samples collected from five harbor seal colonies located in Baja California, Mexico. The V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina technology. Results showed that the gut microbiota of the harbor seals was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes (37%), Bacteroidetes (26%) and Fusobacteria (26%) and revealed significant differences in its composition among the colonies. Funtional analysis using the PICRUSt software suggests a high number of pathways involved in the basal metabolism, such as those for carbohydrates (22%) and amino acids (20%), and those related to the degradation of persistent environmental pollutants. In addition, a DNA metabarcoding analysis of the same samples, via the amplification and sequencing of the mtRNA 16S and rRNA 18S genes, was used to identify the prey consumed by harbor seals revealing the consumption of prey with mainly demersal habits. Functional redundancy in the seal gut microbiota was observed, irrespective of diet or location. Our results indicate that the frequency of occurrence of specific prey in the harbor seal diet plays an important role in shaping the composition of the gut microbiota of harbor seals by influencing the relative abundance of specific groups of gut microorganisms. A significant relationship was found among diet, gut microbiota composition and OTUs assigned to a particular metabolic pathway. © 2019 Pacheco-Sandoval et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

RNA 16S, RNA 18S, amino acid analysis, animal food, Article, bacterium colony, Bacteroidetes, basal metabolic rate, biodegradation, controlled study, DNA barcoding, feces analysis, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, intestine flora, metabolism, Mexico, microb BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA) BIOLOGÍA ANIMAL (ZOOLOGÍA)

Gamma-diversity partitioning of gobiid fishes (Teleostei: Gobiidae) ensemble along of Eastern Tropical Pacific: Biological inventory, latitudinal variation and species turnover

OMAR VALENCIA MENDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Gobies are the most diverse marine fish family. Here, we analysed the gamma-diversity (γ-diversity) partitioning of gobiid fishes to evaluate the additive and multiplicative components of α and β-diversity, species replacement and species loss and gain, at four spatial scales: sample units, ecoregions, provinces and realms. The richness of gobies from the realm Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) is represented by 87 species. Along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients, we found that the γ-diversity is explained by the β-diversity at both spatial scales, ecoregions and provinces. At the ecoregion scale, species are diverse in the north (Cortezian ecoregion) and south (Panama Bight ecoregion) and between insular and coastal ecoregions. At the province scale, we found that the species turnover between the warm temperate Northeast Pacific (WTNP), Tropical East Pacific (TEaP) and the Galapagos Islands (Gala) was high, and the species nestedness was low. At the ecoregion scale, historical factors, and phylogenetic factors have influenced the hotspots of gobiid fish biodiversity, particularly in the Cortezian, Panama Bight and Cocos Island ecoregions, where species turnover is high across both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. At the provincial level, we found that the contributions of the β-diversity from north to south, in the WTNP, TEaP and Gala were high, as result of the high number of unique species. Species turnover was also high at this scale, with a low contribution from species nestedness that was probably due to the low species/gene flow within the provinces. These results highlight the importance and successful inclusion of a cryptobenthic fish component in ecological and biogeographical studies. © 2018 Valencia-Méndez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, biodiversity, biogeographic region, biogeography, gene flow, goby fish, nonhuman, phylogeny, species distribution, species diversity, taxonomic identification, teleost, animal, animal dispersal, fish, Pacific Ocean, phylogeography, Animal Di CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE

Movements of scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) at Cocos Island, Costa Rica and between oceanic islands in the Eastern Tropical Pacific

Elena Nalesso (2019, [Artículo])

Many species of sharks form aggregations around oceanic islands, yet their levels of residency and their site specificity around these islands may vary. In some cases, the waters around oceanic islands have been designated as marine protected areas, yet the conservation value for threatened shark species will depend greatly on how much time they spend within these protected waters. Eighty-four scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith), were tagged with acoustic transmitters at Cocos Island between 2005–2013. The average residence index, expressed as a proportion of days present in our receiver array at the island over the entire monitoring period, was 0.52±0.31, implying that overall the sharks are strongly associated with the island. Residency was significantly greater at Alcyone, a shallow seamount located 3.6 km offshore from the main island, than at the other sites. Timing of presence at the receiver locations was mostly during daytime hours. Although only a single individual from Cocos was detected on a region-wide array, nine hammerheads tagged at Galapagos and Malpelo travelled to Cocos. The hammerheads tagged at Cocos were more resident than those visiting from elsewhere, suggesting that the Galapagos and Malpelo populations may use Cocos as a navigational waypoint or stopover during seasonal migrations to the coastal Central and South America. Our study demonstrates the importance of oceanic islands for this species, and shows that they may form a network of hotspots in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. © 2019 Nalesso et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

article, Cocos Island, human, monitoring, nonhuman, resident, shark, South America, animal, Costa Rica, environmental protection, island (geological), movement (physiology), physiology, season, shark, Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Costa CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA INMUNOLOGÍA INMUNOLOGÍA

Desarrollo turístico en un ejido cañero: El caso de los lancheros de El Sidral-Puente de Dios, S.L.P

JAQUELIN VELA GUZMAN (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

"Esta tesis aborda el tema del desarrollo rural vinculado con las actividades turísticas en un ejido cañero de la Huasteca Potosina, llamado El Sidral-San Miguel (El Sidral en adelante). A partir de esta breve enunciación, el lector podrá imaginar un escenario, en donde el ecoturismo surge como una actividad emergente o alternativa al interior de un ejido

mestizo, cuya actividad productiva central, el cultivo de la caña de azúcar, ha venido perdiendo importancia o bien sus rendimientos se han visto severamente disminuidos en al menos las dos últimas décadas, lo que implícitamente ha empujado a algunas familias a diversificar sus actividades. Estas familias han visto en el turismo una actividad propicia y

que puede redituar un complemento a su economía. La apertura a los servicios turísticos en El Sidral también es el resultado de la expansión de los actores que impulsan el mercado turístico, particularmente en esta región, los propios turistas, los prestadores de servicios y las autoridades gubernamentales."

Turismo -- El Sidral-Puente de Dios, San Luis Potosí HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA ANTROPOLOGÍA ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL

El sonido es el alma del Carnaval: Estudio de la dimensión sonora en el carnaval rural de Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Atltzayanca, Tlaxcala

EMMANUEL MENDEZ CANO (2021, [Tesis de maestría])

"El objetivo a alcanzar consiste en conocer cómo opera la dimensión sonora en el desarrollo del Carnaval o danza de Pascua. De esa manera, posibilitará estudiar el modo de acción de las ejecuciones musicales y de los sonidos emitidos por los carnavaleros, así como sus efectos suscitados en los carnavaleros y en la audiencia. Así, el análisis de los aspectos auditivos permitirá entender qué tiene de específico el Carnaval. El contenido de esta tesis se encuentra estructurado en tres capítulos: “Un Carnaval de presencias sonoras”; “Trampas para escuchar” y “Batallas de sonido”. La organización del capitulado se articula en función de los segmentos dancísticos que componen al Carnaval."

Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Atltzayanca, Tlaxcala -- Carnaval HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA ANTROPOLOGÍA ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL ANTROPOLOGÍA SOCIAL

Diseño y evaluación del Club de Educación Ambiental y Sustentabilidad como estrategia para la apropiación de ecotecnias en la escuela Francisco González Bocanegra de la delegación la Pila San Luis Potosí, SLP

MARIANA BUENDIA-OLIVA (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

Este trabajo se centra en analizar el contexto de una escuela primaria pública ubicada en una zona de alta marginación en México que ha sido beneficiada con la construcción de ecotecnias, para diseñar una propuesta educativa formal que contribuya a su apropiación entre la comunidad educativa. La investigación siguió un enfoque cualitativo. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizaron diversas herramientas; en los maestros y directivos se analizó el nivel de conocimientos y el grado de incorporación de la dimensión ambiental y de sustentabilidad (A&S) en el curriculum, mediante grupos focales, entrevistas y cuestionarios. Con los niños se utilizó la técnica de dibujo y se aplicó un cuestionario diagnóstico para analizar sus conocimientos y sus percepciones sobre temas relacionados con A&S. Los resultados sirvieron para diseñar la estructura y contenidos de un programa educativo acorde a sus necesidades, basado en el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo.

Una vez diseñada la propuesta se implementó bajo la modalidad de Club en la escuela Francisco González Bocanegra ubicado en la Delegación La Pila, SLP, SLP, México durante el ciclo escolar 2018-2019. El club se ofreció como una actividad diseñada e implementada en el marco de la autonomía curricular y también funcionó como estrategia de acompañamiento del proyecto “Modelo de sustentabilidad para la gobernanza de comunidades vulnerables”. El diseño del club consideró: 1) el análisis del contexto, 2) la sustentabilidad como eje rector y 3) el uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo. La investigación siguió un enfoque mixto. Los resultados permitieron evaluar la efectividad del uso de ecotecnias como recurso educativo y la pertinencia del club como herramienta para su apropiación. La sistematización del proceso también contribuyó a identificar alcances y limitaciones del componente de autonomía curricular del NME.

This work focuses on analyzing the context of a public elementary school located in an area of high marginalization in Mexico that has benefited from the construction of ecotechnics, to design a formal educational proposal that contributes to its appropriation educational community. The research followed a qualitative approach. Various tools were used for data collection; teachers and managers analyzed the level of knowledge and degree of incorporation of the environmental and sustainability dimension (A&S) into the curriculum, through focus groups, interviews and questionnaires. Children used the drawing technique and applied a diagnostic questionnaire to analyze their knowledge and perceptions on A&S-related topics. The results served to design the structure and contents of an educational program according to their needs, based on the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource.

Once the proposal was designed it was implemented under the club modality in the Francisco González Bocanegra school located in the La Pila Delegation, SLP, SLP, Mexico during the 2018-2019 school year. The club was offered as an activity designed and implemented within the framework of curriculum autonomy and also served as an accompanying strategy for the project "Sustainability Model for the Governance of Vulnerable Communities". The design of the club considered: 1) the analysis of the context, 2) sustainability as the guiding axis and 3) the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource. The research followed a mixed approach. The results made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of ecotechnics as an educational resource and the relevance of the club as a tool for its appropriation. The systematization of the process also helped to identify scopes and limitations of the curriculum autonomy component of the ENM.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Navegar en el mar de la información: desarrollo de habilidades informativas para el aprendizaje permanente

VERONICA EUGENIA VARGAS SUAREZ Patricia Navarro-Suástegui (2011, [Libro])

Este manual pretende proporcionar las herramientas necesarias para desarrollar las habilidades informacionales que a lo largo y ancho de la vida nos permitan tener la capacidad de: 1) considerar los beneficios de aquirir la información necesaria; 2) Identificar la variedad de tipos y formatos de los recursos informativos; 3) Seleccionar los métodos apropiados para la recuperación y acceso a la información; 4) Extraer, registrar y manejar la información y sus fuentes de manera más efectiva y eficaz; 5) Evaluar críticamente la información y sus fuentes; 6) Construir nuevos conceptos básicos en la información consultada; 7) Respetar principios éticos y legales sobre el acceso y uso de la información; y 8) Comunicar nuestros productos intelectuales de acuerdo con normas bibliográficas.

Desarrollo de habilidades informativas Recursos hídricos HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA