Selection indices for identifying heat tolerant of maize (Zea mays)

Pervez Zaidi (2023, [Artículo])

Stress Tolerance Indices Geometric Mean Productivity Stress Susceptibility Index Statistical Correlation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CORRELATION HEAT STRESS ZEA MAYS DROUGHT STRESS BREEDING PROGRAMMES

Editorial: Evolution of abiotic stress responses in land plants

Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira (2023, [Artículo])

Land Plants Molecular Responses Plant Stress Biology CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ABIOTIC STRESS TERRESTRIAL PLANTS CLIMATE CHANGE

Estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería

KARLA VERONICA CASTILLO RÁBAGO (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

El estrés en los estudiantes de educación superior repercute a nivel físico,

emocional y psicológico de cada uno de estos, afectando su salud y rendimiento

académico. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de estrés académico en los estudiantes de la

facultad de enfermería. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, transversal,

observacional, analítico. Se utilizó el inventario SISCO, ya que permite identificar el estrés

en estudiantes de educación superior y posgrado. Se aplicó el inventario SISCO a 124

alumnos de primero al séptimo semestre del programa de licenciatura en

enfermería. Resultados: El nivel de estrés en el total de la población fue moderado

en un 58% y profundo en un 40%. El 95.16% manifestó momentos de preocupación

durante el semestre. El sexo femenino muestra mayores niveles de estrés. Los

estresores más frecuentes son los relacionados con las tareas y el tiempo (24%). El

uso de estrategias de afrontamiento es bajo (13.71%). Conclusiones: Los niveles

de estrés son elevados, pero podrían disminuir si los estudiantes utilizaran con

mayor frecuencia estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés de manera consciente.

Stress in higher education students affects the physical, emotional and psychological

level of each one of them, affecting their health and academic performance.

Objective: To analyze the level of academic stress in nursing students.

Methodology: quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, analytical study. The

SISCO inventory was applied to 124 students from the first to the seventh semester

of the nursing degree program. Results: The level of stress in the total population

was moderate in 58% and deep in 40%. 95.16% expressed moments of concern

during the semester. The female sex shows higher levels of stress. The most

frequent stressors are those related to tasks and time (24%). The use of coping

strategies is low (13.71%). Conclusions: Stress levels are high, but could decrease

if students consciously use stress coping strategies more frequently.

MEDICINA Y CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CIENCIAS MÉDICAS nivel de estrés académico; estudiantes universitarios; estresores; síntomas; afrontamiento. academic stress level; University students; stressors; symptoms; coping.

Hacia el desarrollo de un nuevo antiparasitario basado en células en suspensión de Carica papaya

CYNTHIA ALEJANDRA GUZMÁN MEDINA (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

Las enfermedades parasitarias son un problema de salud pública que afectan a más de la

quinta parte de la población a nivel mundial. Además de la morbilidad que generan, sino

son tratadas y controladas de manera adecuada pueden llegar a causar la muerte.

En el mercado existen diferentes antiparasitarios comerciales, que si bien son efectivos,

presentan diferentes efectos adversos tanto para el individuo parasitado (i.e. destrucción

de la microbiota intestinal) como para el medio ambiente. Este panorama señala la

relevancia de desarrollar tratamientos antiparasitarios más amigables con el ambiente y con

menores efectos adversos que estén disponibles actualmente en el mercado. Productos

obtenidos a partir de plantas con propiedades anti-parasitarias, cultivadas in vitro en

condiciones controladas, podrían representar una alternativa realista. Entre ellas figura la

planta Carica papaya, especie de zonas tropicales y subtropicales del planeta a cuyos frutos

se les adjudica actividades antiparasitarias. Estas propiedades se atribuyen a algunos de

sus compuestos concentrados en el latex y en las semillas como la papaina, la

quimiopapaína, la lisozima, la glicil-endopeptidasa, la proteasa de cisteína y el benzil-

isotiocinato.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antiparasitaria in vitro e in vivo de

un conjunto de callos y líneas de células de papaya de Carica papaya contra cisticercos de

Taenia crassiceps (cestodo) y contra trofozoitos de Entamoeba histolytica (protozoario). Los

extractos acuosos obtenidos a partir de callos y células cultivados en placa o en suspensión,

respectivamente, de las diferentes líneas de papaya revelaron alta capacidad cisticida

(>98% de mortalidad) in vitro contra cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps. En la evaluación in

vivo la línea no transformada obtuvo mayor efecto cisticida a 10mg/mL reduciendo el

número de cisticercos gemantes y aumentando los cisticercos calcificados en niveles

similares a los obtenidos utilizando antiparasitarios comerciales (albendazol y niclosamida).

Las líneas transformadas y sin transformar de papaya evaluadas indujeron una alta

capacidad amebicida (97% de mortalidad) in vitro contra trofozoitos de Entamoeba

histolytica. Las diferentes líneas transformadas y sin transformar de papaya redujeron

significativamente el número de abscesos amebianos y previnieron la hepatomegalia de

manera no significativamente diferente que el anti-parasitario comercial (metronidazol).

Los resultados generados en el presente estudio señalan al extracto acuoso obtenido a

partir de cultivos en suspensión de células de papaya transformada y no transformada

indujeron alto nivel de protección in vitro e in vivo por lo tanto; este es un producto efectivo

para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis y la amebiasis.

Parasitic diseases are a public health problem that affect more than a fifth of the population

worldwide. Additionally, and along with the morbidity the produce, they can cause death if

they are not treated and controlled adequately.

There are different commercial antiparasitic on the market which, although effective,

present different adverse effects both for the individual (i.e., destruction of the intestinal

microbiota) and for the environment alike. This panorama points out the relevance of

developing more environmentally friendly antiparasitic treatments with fewer adverse effects

than the ones currently available on the market. Products obtained from plants with anti-

parasitic properties, grown in vitro under controlled conditions, could represent a realistic

alternative. Among them is the Carica papaya, a species from tropical and subtropical areas

of the planet whose fruits are believed to have antiparasitic activities. These properties are attributed to some of its compounds concentrated in the latex and seeds such as papain,

chymopapain, lysozyme, glycyl-endopeptidase, cysteine-proteinase and benzyl-

isothiocyanate.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity

of a set of papaya callus and cell lines from Carica papaya against cysticerci of Taenia

crassiceps (cestode) and against trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica (protozoan). The

aqueous extracts obtained from callus and cells cultured in plates or in suspension,

respectively, of the different papaya lines revealed high cysticidal capacity (>98% mortality)

in vitro against Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Meanwhile, in the in vivo evaluation, the non-

transformed line obtained a greater cysticidal effect at 10 mg/mL, reducing the number of

budding cysticerci and increasing calcified cysticerci at levels like those obtained using

commercial antiparasitic (albendazole and niclosamide). The papaya lines evaluated

induced a high amoebicidal capacity (97% mortality) in vitro against Entamoeba histolytica

trophozoites. The different papaya lines significantly reduced the number of amoebic

abscesses and prevented hepatomegaly in a non-significantly different manner than the

commercial anti-parasitic (metronidazole).

The results produced in this thesis indicate that the aqueous extract obtained from

suspension cultures of transformed and non-transformed papaya cells induced a high level

of protection in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this may represent an effective product for the

treatment of cysticercosis and amoebiasis.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Carica papaya, antiparasitario, células en suspensión, T. crassiceps, E. histolytica. Carica papaya, antiparasitic, in-suspension cells, T. crassiceps, E. histolytica.

Voter´´´'s dilemma between honest and competent candidates in the 2018 elections in Mexico and Brazil

José Daniel Sousa Oliva (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article is dedicated to understanding and explaining the electoral dilemma “Dishonest, but competent” and “Honest, but incompetent” in the elections of legislators, governors and municipal presidents in 2018 in Mexico and Brazil. The research questions that guided the investigation are: Why are there voters in Mexico and Brazil who vote for “dishonest” candidates? And how do the voters of those countries decide their vote in the face of this dilemma? The theoretical approach of this work is Social Psychology through two analytical tools: the Funnel of Causality and the Tripartite Model of Attitudes. The methodology is mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using statistical models with data from the international surveys World Values Survey and Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, as well as the application of Focus Groups in the distance modality. In this way, four categories of voter are proposed: moralist, moralist-moderate, pragmatic-moderate and pragmatic. The arguments of this work are: first, that regardless of cultural differences, there is an “affective voter” “non-rational” who makes decisions based on emotions and intuition, demonstrating that the affective components of attitudes are more relevant than the cognitive ones in electoral choice; second, that voting for “dishonest” candidates is determined under a greater influence of “short-term factors” such as candidate characteristics and short-term events rather than “long-term factors” such as party loyalties and ideology.

politics, electoral behavior, political culture, democracy, public opinion. política, comportamiento electoral, cultura política, democracia, opinión pública. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Voter´´´'s dilemma between honest and competent candidates in the 2018 elections in Mexico and Brazil

José Daniel Sousa Oliva (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

This article is dedicated to understanding and explaining the electoral dilemma “Dishonest, but competent” and “Honest, but incompetent” in the elections of legislators, governors and municipal presidents in 2018 in Mexico and Brazil. The research questions that guided the investigation are: Why are there voters in Mexico and Brazil who vote for “dishonest” candidates? And how do the voters of those countries decide their vote in the face of this dilemma? The theoretical approach of this work is Social Psychology through two analytical tools: the Funnel of Causality and the Tripartite Model of Attitudes. The methodology is mixed, quantitative and qualitative, using statistical models with data from the international surveys World Values Survey and Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, as well as the application of Focus Groups in the distance modality. In this way, four categories of voter are proposed: moralist, moralist-moderate, pragmatic-moderate and pragmatic. The arguments of this work are: first, that regardless of cultural differences, there is an “affective voter” “non-rational” who makes decisions based on emotions and intuition, demonstrating that the affective components of attitudes are more relevant than the cognitive ones in electoral choice; second, that voting for “dishonest” candidates is determined under a greater influence of “short-term factors” such as candidate characteristics and short-term events rather than “long-term factors” such as party loyalties and ideology.

politics, electoral behavior, political culture, democracy, public opinion. política, comportamiento electoral, cultura política, democracia, opinión pública. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Indicadores de estrés y desempeño biológico de juveniles de lobina rayada (Morone saxatilis) en agua marina: efecto de la densidad de cultivo y color del tanque

Stress indicators and biological performance of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) juvenile in seawater: effect stock density and tank color

DENISE ENCARNACION MAYORAL NORIEGA (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

Existen factores ambientales de naturaleza física, química o biológica que afectan directamente la alimentación de los peces. Por ejemplo, las altas densidades de cultivo pueden generar estrés en los organismos, resultando en la merma del consumo de alimento y por ende su crecimiento. Sin embargo, algunas especies toleran altas densidades formando un grupo o cardumen que les confiere un mejor desempeño. Otro factor que afecta el comportamiento de algunas especies es la coloración de los tanques de cultivo; demostrando la necesidad de utilizar tanques con un entorno físico adecuado para la especie a cultivar. Actualmente, M. saxatilis se produce en tanques en laboratorio y se engorda en jaulas marinas en Baja California; así que existe un gran interés por mejorar su crecimiento y eficiencia alimenticia. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar tres densidades de cultivo (alta: 6.2 kg·m-3, media: 3.1 kg·m-3 y baja: 1.5 kg·m-3) y dos colores de tanque (azul celeste y negro) en el crecimiento, supervivencia, utilización del alimento, índices corporales y concentración de cortisol y glucosa de juveniles de lobina rayada en agua marina para su mantenimiento en laboratorio durante nueve semanas. Los resultados demostraron que los organismos obtuvieron el mayor crecimiento en peso en la densidad media, indistintamente del color del tanque. Asimismo, la densidad afectó significativamente los índices hepatosomático y liposomático, ya que disminuyeron conforme aumentó la densidad. El color del tanque influyó de manera importante en el consumo de alimento (azules: 37.4 ± 1.9 g·pez-1; negros: 35.9 ± 2.0 g·pez-1). La interacción de los factores afectó la TCE, TCA y TEP. Las concentraciones de cortisol (81.8 ± 22.5 ng·ml-1) y glucosa (83.2 ± 11.4 mg·100 ml-1) fueron similares en todos los tratamientos y relativamente bajas para la especie. En conclusión, se logró elucidar bajo qué condiciones de cultivo en laboratorio los organismos lograron superar los factores de estrés sin comprometer su crecimiento y supervivencia, reflejándose en un mejor desempeño biológico. Se recomienda utilizar tanques azules o negros con densidades iniciales de 4.2 kg·m-3 o 233 peces·m-3 para el cultivo de juveniles de M. saxatilis en agua salada bajo condiciones de laboratorio.

Environmental factors of a physical, chemical or biological nature such as high stocking densities can directly affect fish feeding and generate stress in organisms, resulting in a decrease in food intake and therefore growth. However, some species tolerate high densities, forming a group or shoal resulting in better overall performance. Another factor that influences the behavior of some species is the color of the culture tank; warranting the need to use tanks with a physical environment suitable for the species to be cultivated. Currently, striped bass are produced in tank-based hatcheries to be socked in sea cages for growout in Baja California. Thus, there is interest in improving their growth rate and feed efficiency under laboratory conditions. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three stocking densities (high: 6.2 kg m-3, medium: 3.1 kg m-3 and low: 1.5 kg m-3) and two tank colors (light blue and black) on the biological performance (growth, survival, food utilization), somatic indices and fish stress using the concentration of cortisol and glucose in blood serum as response variables of juvenile striped bass cultured in seawater for nine weeks. The results showed that the organisms had greater growth in terms of final weight when they were cultured at the medium stocking density, regardless of tank color. Likewise, density had a significant effect on hepatosomatic and liposomatic indices, with a tendency to decrease as density increased. The color of the tank significantly influenced the food consumption (blues: 37.4 ± 1.9 g·fish-1; blacks: 35.9 ± 2.0 g·fish-1). The interaction of the factors influenced TCE, TCA and TEP. The concentrations of cortisol (81.8 ± 22.5 ng·ml-1) and glucose (83.2 ± 11.4 mg·100 ml-1) were similar in all treatments indicating low fish stress. In conclusion, it was possible to elucidate under which laboratory culture conditions the organisms were able to overcome the stress factors without compromising their growth and survival; reflected in better biological performance. A stocking density of 4.2 kg m-3 o 233 fish·m-3 for M. saxatilis juvenile reared in saltwater under laboratory culture conditions is recommended.

lobina rayada, densidad cultivo, color tanque, estrés, crecimiento striped bass, stocking density, tank color, stress, growth CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS PECES Y FAUNA SILVESTRE PISCICULTURA PISCICULTURA

Diseño y activismo artístico

Olivia Fragoso-Susunaga (2023, [Capítulo de libro])

En el 2015, las Naciones Unidas proponen una serie de objetivos dirigidos a convocar a los habitantes del mundo a realizar acciones orientadas a acabar con la pobreza, mejorar las condiciones del planeta y lograr que, para el 2030, todas las personas puedan gozar de paz y bienestar. A estos objetivos se les conoce como los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). La educación superior juega un papel fundamental en el logro de los ODS. La UAM y, en el caso que nos compete, el CyAD están llamados a colaborar en esta tarea que nos involucra a todos y todas quienes formamos la comunidad universitaria. Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre la importancia que tiene la formación en activismo artístico en la educación del diseño para el logro de los ODS. Se propone que enfatizar el vínculo entre el diseño y el activismo artístico es parte de un escenario futuro indiscutiblemente necesario en el currículo de licenciatura en el CyAD.

In 2015, the United Nations proposed a series of goals aimed at calling on the world’s inhabitants to take action to end poverty, improve the conditions of the planet and ensure that by 2030 all people can enjoy peace and well-being. These goals are known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Higher education plays a fundamental role in the achievement of the SDGs, the UAM and, in the case that concerns us, the CyAD are called to collaborate in this task that involves all of us who form the university community. This work is a reflection on the importance of training in artistic activism in design education for the achievement of the SDGs. It is proposed that emphasizing the link between design and art activism is part of an indisputably necessary future scenario in the undergraduate curriculum at CyAD.

Activismo artístico, educación del diseño, cultura. Artistic activism, design education, culture. Sustainable Development Goals. Art and social action. Education, Higher--Social aspects. Educational change. Artists--Political activity. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidad Azcapotzalco. División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño. Desarrollo sustentable. Participación social. Cambio educativo. NX180.P64 HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS

Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudo-nitzschia subpacifica (Bacillariophyceae) from the Mexican Pacific, and its production of domoic acid in culture

Sonia Quijano (2020, [Artículo])

Pseudo-nitzschia is a cosmopolitan genus, some species of which can produce domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin responsible for the Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). In this study, we identified P. subpacifica for the first time in Todos Santos Bay and Manzanillo Bay, in the Mexican Pacific using SEM and molecular methods. Isolates from Todos Santos Bay were cultivated under conditions of phosphate sufficiency and deficiency at 16°C and 22°C to evaluate the production of DA. This toxin was detected in the particulate (DAp) and dissolved (DAd) fractions of the cultures during the exponential and stationary phases of growth of the cultures. The highest DA concentration was detected during the exponential phase grown in cells maintained in P-deficient medium at 16°C (1.14 ± 0.08 ng mL-1 DAd and 4.71 ± 1.11 × 10−5 ng cell-1 of DAp). In P-sufficient cultures DA was higher in cells maintained at 16°C (0.25 ± 0.05 ng mL-1 DAd and 9.41 ± 1.23 × 10−7 ng cell-1 of DAp) than in cells cultured at 22°C. Therefore, we confirm that P. subpacifica can produce DA, especially under P-limited conditions that could be associated with extraordinary oceanographic events such as the 2013–2016 "Blob" in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This event altered local oceanographic conditions and possibly generated the presence of potential harmful species in areas with economic importance on the Mexican Pacific coast. © 2020 Quijano-Scheggia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

domoic acid, domoic acid, kainic acid, Article, cell growth, controlled study, diatom, Mexico, morphology, nonhuman, Pacific Ocean, phylogeny, plant cell, plant growth, Pseudo nitzschia, toxin analysis, cell culture technique, classification, diatom, CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA