Cuantificación microlisimétrica del consumo de agua residual tratada en la nochebuena (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch)

VICTOR LOPEZ MARTINEZ MARIA ANDRADE RODRIGUEZ IRAN ALIA TEJACAL Sainz Aispuro Manuel de Jesús OSCAR GABRIEL VILLEGAS TORRES RAMON ARTEAGA RAMIREZ MARIO ALBERTO VAZQUEZ PEÑA (2016, [Artículo])

En un cultivo de nochebuena en un invernadero instrumentado en Jiutepec, Morelos, se midió el consumo de agua residual tratada (ART) con microlisímetros de succión de macetas de polietileno de 15 cm de diámetro con sustratos de granulometría similar N, V y A. El consumo de ART de la nochebuena puede ser afectado por tipo de planta y método de riego. En las semanas después del trasplante 2 (posterior al pinchado), 8, 9 y 10 (inicio de pigmentación) existen diferencias entre tratamiento y coincide con un periodo de disminución del consumo de ART. El microlisímetro de succión es una herramienta para cuantificar el consumo de ART en nochebuena.

Demanda de agua Riego por succión Cápsula porosa Agricultura protegida CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

Metodología para la determinación de la evapotranspiración integrada y la capacidad de canales en una zona de riego

Methodology for estimation of integrated evapotranspiration and canal capacity in an irrigation zone.

MAURO IÑIGUEZ COVARRUBIAS WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE ABRAHAM ROJANO AGUILAR (2011, [Artículo])

La capacidad de la red de canales en un sistema de riego depende de satisfacer la demanda hídrica máxima de los cultivos. Los métodos para determinar la capacidad del canal requieren de la estimación de la variable agronómica: evapotranspiración de los cultivos. En grandes áreas de riego, con un padrón diversificado de cultivos, diferentes fechas de siembra y varios ciclos agrícolas no existe un procedimiento integrado para estimar esta variable agronómica, lo cual genera incertidumbre al ser requerida en los métodos. En este trabajo se desarrolla una propuesta para estimar dicha variable para grandes zonas de riego.

Capacity of irrigation networks needs to satisfy peak crop water demands. The methods to size canal capacity require the estimation of an agronomic variable: crop evapotranspiration. There is not an integrated procedure to estimate crop evapotranspiration for large irrigation zones with a diversified crop pattern, different planting dates, and several crop seasons. Not having this procedure generates uncertainty in methods for canal capacity estimations. This paper presents a methodological proposal to estimate the ET variable for large irrigation zones.

Riego Evapotranspiración Demanda de agua INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Microlisimetría de succión en nochebuena (Flor de Pascua) en tres sustratos en condiciones de cultivo protegido

MANUEL DE JESUS SAINZ AISPURO IRAN ALIA TEJACAL OSCAR GABRIEL VILLEGAS TORRES VICTOR LOPEZ MARTINEZ MARIA ANDRADE RODRIGUEZ RAMON ARTEAGA RAMIREZ MARIO ALBERTO VAZQUEZ PEÑA (2014, [Artículo])

La evapotranspiración real de la nochebuena, conocida como Flor de Pascua (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) en condiciones de cultivo protegido, se midió con microlisímetros de succión de cápsulas porosas en macetas de polietileno de 15 cm de diámetro con tres sustratos: Tierra de hoja/tezontle/fibra de coco, Tierra de hoja cernida/tezontle/agrolita/fibra de coco y Fibra de coco/ tierra de hoja/agrolita y con un microlisímetro de balance con sustrato Tierra de hoja/tezontle/fibra de coco. En 12 de las 22 variables comparadas, no hubo diferencia significativa (Color de bráctea, Clorofila, diámetro de flor, firmeza de tallo, peso fresco y seco de raíz, y peso seco de tallo y flor). No hubo diferencia en consumo de agua entre tratamientos. Se obtuvo una ecuación del consumo de agua en función de la semana transcurrida después del trasplante.

Agricultura protegida Demanda de agua Riego por succión INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Regional analysis of the wage discrimination in the indigenous workers in Mexico

Christian De la Luz-Tovar SIBYL ITALIA PINEDA SALAZAR (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The objective of this research is to estimate and decompose the wage gap between indigenous and non-indigenous workers by region in Mexico, to examine whether there are regional differences in the existing wage inequality that a priori affects the indigenous population and whether these differences can be attributed to the job profile of this group or by systematic labor discrimination against them. Using the data from the 2018 National Household Expenditure Revenue Survey (ENIGH-N) and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it was found that indigenous workers face a wage gap in all regions of the county. But, this gap is more pronounced in the center and south regions, where, on average, the associated component with labor discrimination has a percentage greater than 56. In contrast, in the north-central and northern regions of Mexico, the residual component is on average less than 33%, which suggests that the wage gap is explained by differences in productivity between groups.                         

Labor economics Ethnicity wage gap Indigenous population Regions Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition Economía laboral Brecha salarial étnica Población indígena Regiones Descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Diluted density. Urban planning in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area

Sheila Ferniza Quiroz Jesús Manuel Fitch Osuna (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

The Monterrey Metropolitan Area (mma) in Northern Mexico has had an expansive and dispersed growth in recent decades. In 35 years, the city doubled its population and grew 8 times in territory (Secretariat for Sustainable Development, 2020). As a mitigation measure and with the objective of repopulating the areas within the city, urban regulations have been promoted that allow higher density and building potentials in some municipalities; however, the efforts are isolated and without metropolitan coordination. What are the urban regulation guidelines in the municipalities of the mma? How dense are its municipalities? Where are located the densest areas of the city? The objective of this research is to establish the current state of local regulation regarding urban development and to map the housing density to identify the locations with the lowest and highest density at the mma. The gross density at the Ageb scale is mapped for the 18 municipalities of the mma through the QGis software; data from the Inegi 2020 National Population and Housing Census is used. It is found that the peripheral municipalities of recent incorporation to the mma, unlike those of greater urbanization, lack urban development plans, and that most of the municipalities do not have updated regulations based on the current laws. The areas with the highest density are located in the peripheral municipalities, associated with the construction of low-income mass housing, and those with the lowest density in interior municipalities in areas of higher socioeconomic status, diluting the small efforts of densification in the city.

density urban sprawl urban planning densidad expansión urbana planeación urbana HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA

Regional analysis of the wage discrimination in the indigenous workers in Mexico

Christian De la Luz-Tovar SIBYL ITALIA PINEDA SALAZAR (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

The objective of this research is to estimate and decompose the wage gap between indigenous and non-indigenous workers by region in Mexico, to examine whether there are regional differences in the existing wage inequality that a priori affects the indigenous population and whether these differences can be attributed to the job profile of this group or by systematic labor discrimination against them. Using the data from the 2018 National Household Expenditure Revenue Survey (ENIGH-N) and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it was found that indigenous workers face a wage gap in all regions of the county. But, this gap is more pronounced in the center and south regions, where, on average, the associated component with labor discrimination has a percentage greater than 56. In contrast, in the north-central and northern regions of Mexico, the residual component is on average less than 33%, which suggests that the wage gap is explained by differences in productivity between groups.                         

Labor economics Ethnicity wage gap Indigenous population Regions Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition Economía laboral Brecha salarial étnica Población indígena Regiones Descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Criterios de diseño sísmico de túneles

JAVIER AVILES LOPEZ LUIS EDUARDO PEREZ ROCHA (2014, [Artículo])

Se presenta una revisión y adaptación de los criterios de diseño sísmico establecidos en la práctica para túneles rectos de sección circular. Se consideran dos métodos de análisis: el método de deformación de campo libre y el método de interacción suelo - estructura. Se analizan las deformaciones axial, flexionante y de ovalamiento causadas por el paso de ondas sísmicas, y se dan expresiones prácticas para calcular los elementos mecánicos asociados. La aplicación de ambos métodos se ilustra con el caso de un túnel típico en suelo blando, que muestra claramente el efecto debido al contraste de rigidez entre los dos elementos.

Interacción suelo-túnel Deformación de campo libre Respuesta sísmica de túneles INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Optimization of the alkali-silane treatment of agave lechuguilla fibers (ixtle) for potential reinforcement in polymeric composites

NOEMI JARDON MAXIMINO MARIAMNE DEHONOR GOMEZ Rolando Villa Moreno MARIA DOLORES BAEZA ALVARADO Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe (2023, [Artículo])

Reinforced polymeric composites with natural fibers have garnered significant interest in recent years due to the need for biomass utilization and the requirements of various industries, such as automotive and construction. Among these natural fibers, Agave lechuguilla fiber, commonly known as ixtle (FIx) or Tampico fiber, exhibits important characteristics such as length, high strength, and durability. However, there is limited literature on its conditioning, functionalization, and utilization as a reinforcing material in polymeric composites (CP). This study presents the optimization of the alkali-silane treatment of FIx, identifying the most suitable reaction conditions to enhance their thermal stability, tensile strength, and silane coupling agent (ACSi) grafting on the fiber surface. The chemical treatment with ACSi proved highly effective, resulting in a significant grafting content, which was confirmed through FTIR and SEM–EDS analyses. The high level of functionalization did not compromise the mechanical performance of the fibers, suggesting that functionalized FIx holds great potential as a reinforcing material in CP. These findings open new paths for the sustainable use of Agave lechuguilla fibers, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance polymeric composites in various industrial applications.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Fibers for Advanced Materials: Addressing Challenges).

Supplementary materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/fib11100086/s1, Figure S1: Optical microscope image of ixtle fibers at a magnification of 50 (a) untreated and (b) alkaline treated (FIx-5); Table S1: FTIR signal assignment for alkaline treated FIx; Table S2: FTIR Signal assignment for silane treated FIx.

Author contributions: Conceptualization, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; methodology, N.J.-M., M.D.G., R.V.M., M.D.B.-A. and L.E.L.U.; validation, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; formal analysis, N.J.-M., M.D.G. and L.E.L.U.; investigation, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; data curation, N.J.-M., M.D.G., R.V.M. and M.D.B.-A.; writing—original draft preparation, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; writing—review and editing, N.J.-M., M.D.G., R.V.M., M.D.B.-A. and L.E.L.U.; visualization, N.J.-M., M.D.G. and L.E.L.U.; supervision, L.E.L.U.; project administration, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; funding acquisition, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding: This research was funded by CONAHCYT, “Estancias postdoctorales por México”, grant umber CVU425480.

Data availability statement: Data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and upon request from the corresponding author.

Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude towards Rene Diaz Rebollar and Jazmin Gomez Sara for their technical assistance in conducting the chemical reactions presented in this current study. Additionally, the assistance provided by Luis Alberto Caceres Diaz in the execution of XRD analyses is also acknowledged. Furthermore, N.J.M. extends sincere recognition to CIATEQ A.C. for their provision of essential resources and infrastructure crucial to the advancement of this research. The support rendered by CONAHCYT through the “Estancias postdoctorales por México” program is also gratefully acknowledged, as it has contributed financial backing to the project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Agave lechuguilla Natural fiber Silane coupling agent INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Análisis de las conexiones matemáticas en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la derivada basado en un networking of theories entre la Teoría de las conexiones y el Enfoque ontosemiótico.

CAMILO ANDRES RODRIGUEZ NIETO (2021, [Tesis de doctorado])

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología No. 602990

In research in Mathematics Education, models have been reported to analyze mathematical connections in which specific connection categories are considered. In the literature, it was identified that the most used model is the Businskas with contributions from other researchers. However, the problem refers to the fact that some categories of connections limit the analysis of mathematical activity and, therefore, the research suggests that the established categories are validated and, if possible, new categories of connections are reported. Other investigations focused on exploring mathematical connections and understanding the derivative reveal that high school students, pre-service teachers, and some in-service mathematics teachers have difficulty connecting multiple representations of the derivative (e.g., algebraic, or symbolic, verbal, graphic, tabular) and establish connections between partial meanings about this concept.

Networking of theories Mathematical connections Onto-semiotic approach semiotic function derivative teacher students HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA PEDAGOGÍA TEORÍA Y MÉTODOS EDUCATIVOS TEORÍAS EDUCATIVAS

MEDICIÓN DE TEMPERATURA EN OBJETOS DE FASE MEDIANTE UN INTERFERÓMETRO DE MACH-ZEHNDER Y UN INTEFERÓMETRO DE WOLLASTON

Joao Francisco Trujillo Martinez (2022, [Tesis de maestría])

"Se implementarán de manera independiente, las técnicas de interferometría de Mach-Zehnder y de interferometría de Wollaston. Lo anterior para obtener información importante del comportamiento termodinámico de un objeto de fase axisimétrico. Debido a la naturaleza interferómetrica de ambos métodos, serán necesarios dos haces que interfirieran. Por lo anterior, ambas técnicas se mostrarán sensibles al ruido externo, sin embargo, al requerir la interferometría de Wollaston una sola trayectoria para los dos haces que interfieren, se espera que sea esta técnica, una técnica más robusta que la técnica interferométrica de Mach-Zehnder, la cual la hará más propicia para su implementación en un entorno industrial."

Temperatura Metrología Diseño óptico Interferómetro INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL EQUIPO INDUSTRIAL EQUIPO INDUSTRIAL