Worldwide selection footprints for drought and heat in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Ana Luisa Gómez Espejo Carolina Sansaloni Juan Burgueño Fernando Henrique Toledo Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza M. Humberto Reyes-Valdés (2022, [Artículo])

Genome–Environment Associations Climatic Variables Hormonal Elicitors CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ADAPTATION DROUGHT STRESS HEAT STRESS LANDRACES TRITICUM AESTIVUM

Economic valuation of climate induced losses to aquaculture for evaluating climate information services in Bangladesh

Peerzadi Rumana Hossain T.S Amjath-Babu Timothy Joseph Krupnik (2023, [Artículo])

Very little research has focused on climate impacts on aquaculture and the potential of climate information services (CIS) for aquaculture to support sustainable development goals 2030 (SDGs)1. This study represents an effort to bridge this gap by conducting a first ex-ante economic evaluation of CIS for aquaculture in Bangladesh by semi-automating the extraction of data on climate-induced fish losses during 2011 to 2021 from popular online newspaper articles and corroborating them with available government and satellite datasets. During this period, Bangladesh faced an estimated loss of around 140 million USD for hatcheries, open water fish and shrimp. When validated with a year of country-wide official data on climate-induced economic losses to aquaculture, the damage reported from these media sources is approximately 10 percent of actual losses. Given this rule of thumb, the potential economic value of aquacultural CIS could be up to USD14 million a year, if 10 percent of the damage can be offset by appropriate services through a range of multi-sector efforts to establish and extend these services to farmers at scale.

Climate Information Services Newspaper Scraping CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA LOSSES AQUACULTURE CLIMATE SERVICES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Mapping crop and livestock value chain actors in Mbire and Murehwa districts in Zimbabwe

Hambulo Ngoma Moti Jaleta Frédéric Baudron (2023, [Documento de trabajo])

We conducted a preliminary value chain actors mapping for major crops grown and livestock kept by smallholder farmers in Mbire and Murehwa districts of Zimbabwe. Accordingly, in this report we mapped value chain actors for 11 crops and livestock commodities: namely, sorghum, cotton, sesame, maize, groundnut, sweet-potato, vegetables (tomato and onion), cattle, goats, poultry, and honey/beekeeping. Except sesame from Mbire, most of the crop and livestock commodities are channeled to the main markets in Harare and Marondera for Murehwa. Sesame is smuggled to Mozambique and the market is mainly dependent on middlemen. The Grain Market Board (GMB) is the major actor in sorghum and maize marketing in both districts. Groundnut is sold to both rural and urban consumers after processing it to peanut butter locally within the production zones. Goats and cattle are mostly supplied to the Harare market by middlemen collecting these livestock from village markets and moving door-to-door to buy enough quantity to transport to Harare. Honey production and marketing is still at its initial stage through the support of HELP from Germany and the Zimbabwe Apiculture Trust projects. Long dry season is a challenge in honey production. The Pfumvudza program supported by the Presidential free input scheme helped in introducing and scaling conservation agriculture practices in Zimbabwe. Though there is strong integration of crop-livestock systems at both districts, the level of manure use is gradually decreasing because farmers receive chemical fertilizer support from the Pfumvudza program and applying manure to crop fields is labor-intensive. The input supply system is more competitive in Murehwa district where there are quite several input suppliers in town. The possible interventions that favor agroecological transitions are: (1) honey processing plants and supply of beehives to potential areas, (2) encouraging manure use in crop production, possibly linking it to the basins preparation requirement to be eligible for the presidential input subsidy scheme, (3) support the organic vegetable production initiatives and explore market segments in Harare paying premium prices for certified organic products, (4) Expedite payment systems in sorghum and maize marketing with GMB, and (5) sesame production with agroecologically friendly agronomy and improve markets.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA VALUE CHAINS CROPS LIVESTOCK SMALLHOLDERS SUPPLY CHAINS

Alternative cropping and feeding options to enhance sustainability of mixed crop-livestock farms in Bangladesh

Timothy Joseph Krupnik Jeroen Groot (2024, [Artículo])

We investigated alternative cropping and feeding options for large (>10 cows), medium (5–10 cows) and small (≤4 cows) mixed crop – livestock farm types, to enhance economic and environmental performance in Jhenaidha and Meherpur districts – locations with increasing dairy production – in south western Bangladesh. Following focus group discussions with farmers on constraints and opportunities, we collected baseline data from one representative farm from each farm size class per district (six in total) to parameterize the whole-farm model FarmDESIGN. The six modelled farms were subjected to Pareto-based multi-objective (differential evolution algorithm) optimization to generate alternative dairy farm and fodder configurations. The objectives were to maximize farm profit, soil organic matter balance, and feed self-reliance, in addition to minimizing feed costs and soil nitrogen losses as indicators of sustainability. The cropped areas of the six baseline farms ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 ha and milk production per cow was between 1,640 and 3,560 kg year−1. Feed self-reliance was low (17%–57%) and soil N losses were high (74–342 kg ha−1 year−1). Subsequent trade-off analysis showed that increasing profit and soil organic matter balance was associated with higher risks of N losses. However, we found opportunities to improve economic and environmental performance simultaneously. Feed self-reliance could be increased by intensifying cropping and substituting fallow periods with appropriate fodder crops. For the farm type with the largest opportunity space and room to manoeuvre, we identified four strategies. Three strategies could be economically and environmentally benign, showing different opportunities for farm development with locally available resources.

Ruminant Feed Pareto-Based Optimization Farm Bioeconomic Model CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA RUMINANT FEEDING BIOECONOMIC MODELS MIXED CROPPING FARMS LIVESTOCK

Agricultural lime value chain efficiency for reducing soil acidity in Ethiopia

Moti Jaleta (2023, [Artículo])

Soil acidity is challenging agricultural production in Ethiopia. Above 43% of the farmland is under soil acidity problem and it leads to low crop yields and production losses. Ag-lime is widely considered as an effective remedy for amending soil acidity. This study assesses the current structure of ag-lime value chain and its functionality focusing on central parts of Ethiopia where lime is produced and channeled to acidity affected areas. The study uses Ethiopia as a case study and applies qualitative methods such as key informant interviews and focus group discussions to collect data from different actors in the ag-lime value chain. Key findings indicate that both public and private ag-lime producing factories are operating below their capacity. Due to limited enabling environments, the engagement of private sector in ag-lime value chain is minimal. In addition, farmers have a good awareness of soil acidity problem on their farms, and its causes and mitigation strategies in all regions. However, the adoption of ag-lime by smallholders was minimal. Overall, the current structure of the ag-lime value chain appears fragmented and needs improvement. Addressing soil acidity challenge through efficient ag-lime value chain could narrow lime supply-demand mismatches and increase widespread adoption by farmers to enhance crop productivity and food security in acidity-prone areas of the country.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA LIMES PRODUCTION COSTS VALUE CHAINS SOIL PH

Landscape and micronutrient fertilizer effect on agro-fortified wheat and teff grain nutrient concentration in western Amhara

Tilahun Amede Elizabeth Bailey Abdul Wahab Mossa Dereje Tirfessa MESFIN KEBEDE DESTA Getachew Agegnehu Tesfaye Shiferaw Sida Stephan Haefele R. Murray Lark Martin Broadley Samuel Gameda (2023, [Artículo])

Agronomic biofortification, encompassing the use of mineral and organic nutrient resources which improve micronutrient concentrations in staple crops is a potential strategy to promote the production of and access to micronutrient-dense foods at the farm level. However, the heterogeneity of smallholder farming landscapes presents challenges on implementing agronomic biofortification. Here, we test the effects of zinc (Zn)- and selenium (Se)-containing fertilizer on micronutrient concentrations of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) grown under different landscape positions and with different micronutrient fertilizer application methods in the western Amhara region of Ethiopia. Field experiments were established in three landscape positions at three sites, with five treatments falling into three broad categories: (1) nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate; (2) micronutrient fertilizer application method; (3) sole or co-application of Zn and Se fertilizer. Treatments were replicated across five farms per landscape position and over two cropping seasons (2018 and 2019). Grain Zn concentration ranged from 26.6 to 36.4 mg kg−1 in wheat and 28.5–31.2 mg kg−1 in teff. Grain Se concentration ranged from 0.02 to 0.59 mg kg−1 in wheat while larger concentrations of between 1.01 and 1.55 mg kg−1 were attained in teff. Larger concentrations of Zn and Se were consistently attained when a foliar fertilizer was applied. Application of ⅓ nitrogen (N) yielded significantly larger grain Se concentration in wheat compared to a recommended N application rate. A moderate landscape effect on grain Zn concentration was observed in wheat but not in teff. In contrast, strong evidence of a landscape effect was observed for wheat and teff grain Se concentration. There was no evidence for any interaction of the treatment contrasts with landscape position except in teff, where an interaction effect between landscape position and Se application was observed. Our findings indicate an effect of Zn, Se, N, landscape position, and its interaction effect with Se on grain micronutrient concentrations. Agronomic biofortification of wheat and teff with micronutrient fertilizers is influenced by landscape position, the micronutrient fertilizer application method and N fertilizer management. The complexity of smallholder environmental settings and different farmer socio-economic opportunities calls for the optimization of nutritional agronomy landscape trials. Targeted application of micronutrient fertilizers across a landscape gradient is therefore required in ongoing agronomic biofortification interventions, in addition to the micronutrient fertilizer application method and the N fertilizer management strategy.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BIOFORTIFICATION LANDSCAPE SELENIUM ZINC WHEAT

Not raised ‘to make big decisions’: young people’s agency and livelihoods in rural Pakistan

Patti Petesch Lone Badstue Dil Bahadur Rahut Akhter Ali (2022, [Artículo])

Social Norms Qualitative Research CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURE GENDER LIVELIHOODS SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS YOUTH AGENCIES

Instruments, allies or adversaries: the presence of the media in the legislations of Mexican states

Salvador De-León-Vázquez (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

In this article, we analyze how the media are conceptualized in the legislation of Mexican states. Our starting point is the consideration that the rights of information and communication are recognized and guaranteed by General Constitution and federal laws, who has been thoroughly examined. However, there are very few studies focusing on state or local laws. The theoretical basis comes from discussions on media development and public communication. The methodology consisted of a cartography and subsequent argumentative analysis of a corpus of media-related articles in Mexican state legislations. The findings reveal three general media conceptualizations in the legal instruments examined: as instruments, as allies or as adversaries. The conclusions discuss the implications for democratic development.

Legislation Communication rights Media Media development Public communication Legislación Derechos de la comunicación Medios de comunicación Desarrollo mediático Comunicación pública CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

PERFILOMETRÍA LÁSER DE FORMA LIBRE PARA LA INSPECCIÓN DE TUBERÍAS Y RECONSTRUCCIONES CILÍNDRICAS EN 3D

Mario Montoya (2022, [Tesis de maestría])

"La inspección de infraestructura de tuberías es esencial en la gestión de su integridad para evitar formación de agentes corrosivos y prevenir fracturas. Sin embargo, los métodos actuales están limitados por baja resolución y bajo alcance físico de medición. En este trabajo, se establece un modelo teórico de propagación láser basado en perfilometría láser de forma libre. Además, incorpora un sistema láser totalmente funcional compuesto por un espejo cónico dentro del sistema óptico para recuperar la información de desplazamiento. El dispositivo óptico presenta alta resolución, precisión y velocidad de adquisición en comparación con tecnologías actuales."

Perfilometría Sensores Haz láser Inspección Emisión láser de superficie Tuberías CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA ÓPTICA LÁSERES LÁSERES

A Case Study on Foreign Language Teachers’ Beliefs about Classroom Management in a Large Public University in Central Mexico

MARIA DEL ROSARIO GARCIA HERNANDEZ (2018, [Tesis de maestría])

Este proyecto de investigación estuvo encaminado a explorar las diferentes estrategias que maestros en el Departamento de Lenguas de la Universidad de Guanajuato (UG) creen o consideran ser las más efectivas para el manejo de su clase. El estudio se dirigió a explorar y escuchar la voz de cuatro maestros de varias lenguas extranjeras. De tal manera se pretende tener un acercamiento a las razones que existen detrás de las actividades que diseñan con el fin de mantener un entorno de aprendizaje adecuado. La investigación se enfocó en responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las creencias de cuatro maestros de lengua extranjera acerca del manejo de clase en el Departamento de Lenguas de la Universidad de Guanajuato? En este estudio de caso el enfoque central se dio sobre los participantes, cuatro maestros de diferentes lenguas extranjeras del Departamento de Lenguas de la UG y el centro de auto aprendizaje del idioma (CAADI). Se siguió una metodología cualitativa apoyada por la implementación de tres técnicas que sirvieron como herramientas para llevar a cabo este proyecto. Las técnicas que ayudaron a triangular la información para este caso de estudio fueron cuestionarios abiertos, observaciones de clase y entrevistas semiestructuradas. De esta forma, los maestros pudieron verbalizar sus creencias sobre el manejo de clase efectivo, de igual forma permitieron dar seguimiento a sus teorías pedagógicas a través del comportamiento observado dentro de sus clases y reflexionaron sobre la relación entre sus creencias y comportamientos dentro del salón. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren la poca importancia que se le ha dado al manejo efectivo de clase como una herramienta para transmitir los conocimientos de una forma más humana.

This research project was aimed at exploring the different strategies that teachers in the Language Department of the University of Guanajuato (UG) believe or consider to be the most effective for the management of their class. The study was aimed at exploring and listening to the voice of four masters of several foreign languages. In this way it is intended to have an approach to the reasons behind the activities they design in order to maintain an adequate learning environment. The research focused on answering the following question: What are the beliefs of four foreign language teachers about class management in the Department of Languages ​​of the University of Guanajuato? In this case study, the central focus was given to the participants, four teachers from different foreign languages ​​of the Language Department of the UG and the language self-learning center (CAADI). A qualitative methodology was followed, supported by the implementation of three techniques that served as tools to carry out this project. The techniques that helped to triangulate the information for this case study were open questionnaires, class observations and semi-structured interviews. In this way, the teachers were able to verbalize their beliefs about the effective class management, in the same way they allowed to follow their pedagogical theories through the observed behavior within their classes and reflected on the relationship between their beliefs and behaviors within the classroom. The results of this investigation suggest the little importance that has been given to effective class management as a tool to transmit knowledge in a more human way.

CGU- Maestría en Lingüística Aplicada a la Enseñanza del Inglés LINGÜÍSTICA Lingüística Lingüística aplicada Enseñanza de lenguas