Review of Nationally Determined Contributions (NCD) of Vietnam from the perspective of food systems

Tek Sapkota (2023, [Documento de trabajo])

Over the past decades, Vietnam has significantly progressed and has transformed from being a food-insecure nation to one of the world’s leading exporters in food commodities, and from one of the world’s poorest countries to a low-middle-income country. The agriculture sector is dominated by rice and plays a vital role in food security, employment, and foreign exchange. Vietnam submitted its updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) in 2022 based on the NDC 2020. There is a significant increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, towards the long-term goals identified in Vietnam’s National Climate Change Strategy to 2025, and efforts are being made to fulfil the commitments made at COP26. The Agriculture Sector is the second-largest contributor of GHG emissions in Vietnam, accounting for 89.75 MtCO2eq, which was about 31.6 percent of total emissions in 2014. Rice cultivation is the biggest source of emissions in the agriculture sector, accounting for 49.35% of emissions from agriculture. The total GHG removal from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) in 2014 was -37.54 MtCO2eq, of which the largest part was from the forest land sub-sector (35.61 MtCO2eq), followed by removal from croplands (7.31 MtCO2eq) (MONRE 2019).

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOOD SYSTEMS LAND USE CHANGE AGRICULTURE POLICIES DATA ANALYSIS

Review of Nationally Determined Contributions (NCD) of Colombia from the perspective of food systems

Tek Sapkota (2023, [Documento de trabajo])

Food is a vital component of Colombia's economy. The impact of climate change on agriculture and food security in the country is severe. The effects have resulted in decreased production and in the productivity of agricultural soil. Desertification processes are accelerating and intensifying. Colombia's government formally submitted its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) on December 29, 2020. This paper examines Colombia's NDC from the standpoint of the food system.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FOOD SYSTEMS LAND USE CHANGE AGRICULTURE POLICIES DATA ANALYSIS FOOD WASTES

The potential of UAV and very high-resolution satellite imagery for yellow and stem rust detection and phenotyping in Ethiopia

Gerald Blasch David Hodson Francelino Rodrigues (2023, [Artículo])

Very high (spatial and temporal) resolution satellite (VHRS) and high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery provides the opportunity to develop new crop disease detection methods at early growth stages with utility for early warning systems. The capability of multispectral UAV, SkySat and Pleiades imagery as a high throughput phenotyping (HTP) and rapid disease detection tool for wheat rusts is assessed. In a randomized trial with and without fungicide control, six bread wheat varieties with differing rust resistance were monitored using UAV and VHRS. In total, 18 spectral features served as predictors for stem and yellow rust disease progression and associated yield loss. Several spectral features demonstrated strong predictive power for the detection of combined wheat rust diseases and the estimation of varieties’ response to disease stress and grain yield. Visible spectral (VIS) bands (Green, Red) were more useful at booting, shifting to VIS–NIR (near-infrared) vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI, RVI) at heading. The top-performing spectral features for disease progression and grain yield were the Red band and UAV-derived RVI and NDVI. Our findings provide valuable insight into the upscaling capability of multispectral sensors for disease detection, demonstrating the possibility of upscaling disease detection from plot to regional scales at early growth stages.

Very High Resolution Imagery Disease Detection Methods Early Growth Stages CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES STEM RUST PHENOTYPING HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING WHEAT

Estevia, una alternativa dulce y saludable

MONICA GUADALUPE LOZANO CONTRERAS GENOVEVO RAMIREZ JARAMILLO (2022, [Artículo])

Actualmente la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica ha mostrado gran interés en Stevia rebaudiana, debido a que los edulcorantes que contiene no aportan calorías, además de ejercer efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud humana. El intenso y marcado sabor dulce de la estevia se debe principalmente a compuestos químicos denominados de forma genérica como glucósidos de esteviol, compuestos pertenecientes a la familia de los terpenos, que son 250 a 300 veces más dulces que la sacarosa. Este cultivo es una gran oportunidad para los productores de la península de Yucatán. Este ensayo contribuye a enriquecer el conocimiento sobre la estevia.

ASTERACEAE CONSUMO EDULCORANTE NATURAL GLUCOSIDOS BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Atlas para el manejo de riesgos en grandes obras hidráulicas por efecto de eventos meteorológicos extremos: primera etapa

ISAAC BONOLA ALONSO José Alfredo González Verdugo JOSE RAUL FLORES BERRONES JAVIER AVILES LOPEZ XIANGYUE LI LIU (2011, [Documento de trabajo])

Tabla de contenido: Introducción – Búsqueda y análisis de información – Objetivo del análisis multiespectral – Justificación – Introducción al análisis multiespectral – Metodología – Análisis analógico multiespectral de las imágenes de satélite empleadas – Estructuras volcánicas – Estructuras sedimentarias – Estructuras geomorfológicas sedimentarias – Reología – Reología de la sustancia actuante – Los índices estructurales genéticos de las rocas sedimentarias – Porosidad de las rocas carbonatadas – Deslizamiento de paredes montañosas y de tierras – Conclusiones y recomendaciones – Información relevante recopilada.

Introducción – Búsqueda y análisis de información – Objetivo del análisis multiespectral – Justificación – Introducción al análisis multiespectral – Metodología – Análisis analógico multiespectral de las imágenes de satélite empleadas – Estructuras volcánicas – Estructuras sedimentarias – Estructuras geomorfológicas sedimentarias – Reología – Reología de la sustancia actuante – Los índices estructurales genéticos de las rocas sedimentarias – Porosidad de las rocas carbonatadas – Deslizamiento de paredes montañosas y de tierras – Conclusiones y recomendaciones – Información relevante recopilada.

Construcciones hidráulicas Reología Desastres naturales Factores meteorológicos Informes de proyectos INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Partial least squares enhance multi-trait genomic prediction of potato cultivars in new environments

Rodomiro Ortiz Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez Osval Antonio Montesinos-Lopez Jose Crossa (2023, [Artículo])

Potato Traits Cross-Validation Breeding Data CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA LEAST SQUARES METHOD POTATOES ENVIRONMENT PLANT BREEDING

Estimation of general and specific combining ability effects for quality protein maize inbred lines

Adefris Teklewold Dagne Wegary Gissa (2022, [Artículo])

General Combining Ability Specific Combining Ability CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA COMBINING ABILITY MAIZE PROTEIN QUALITY INBRED LINES DATA ANALYSIS

Optimization of the alkali-silane treatment of agave lechuguilla fibers (ixtle) for potential reinforcement in polymeric composites

NOEMI JARDON MAXIMINO MARIAMNE DEHONOR GOMEZ Rolando Villa Moreno MARIA DOLORES BAEZA ALVARADO Luis Edmundo Lugo Uribe (2023, [Artículo])

Reinforced polymeric composites with natural fibers have garnered significant interest in recent years due to the need for biomass utilization and the requirements of various industries, such as automotive and construction. Among these natural fibers, Agave lechuguilla fiber, commonly known as ixtle (FIx) or Tampico fiber, exhibits important characteristics such as length, high strength, and durability. However, there is limited literature on its conditioning, functionalization, and utilization as a reinforcing material in polymeric composites (CP). This study presents the optimization of the alkali-silane treatment of FIx, identifying the most suitable reaction conditions to enhance their thermal stability, tensile strength, and silane coupling agent (ACSi) grafting on the fiber surface. The chemical treatment with ACSi proved highly effective, resulting in a significant grafting content, which was confirmed through FTIR and SEM–EDS analyses. The high level of functionalization did not compromise the mechanical performance of the fibers, suggesting that functionalized FIx holds great potential as a reinforcing material in CP. These findings open new paths for the sustainable use of Agave lechuguilla fibers, contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and high-performance polymeric composites in various industrial applications.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Fibers for Advanced Materials: Addressing Challenges).

Supplementary materials: The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/fib11100086/s1, Figure S1: Optical microscope image of ixtle fibers at a magnification of 50 (a) untreated and (b) alkaline treated (FIx-5); Table S1: FTIR signal assignment for alkaline treated FIx; Table S2: FTIR Signal assignment for silane treated FIx.

Author contributions: Conceptualization, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; methodology, N.J.-M., M.D.G., R.V.M., M.D.B.-A. and L.E.L.U.; validation, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; formal analysis, N.J.-M., M.D.G. and L.E.L.U.; investigation, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; data curation, N.J.-M., M.D.G., R.V.M. and M.D.B.-A.; writing—original draft preparation, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; writing—review and editing, N.J.-M., M.D.G., R.V.M., M.D.B.-A. and L.E.L.U.; visualization, N.J.-M., M.D.G. and L.E.L.U.; supervision, L.E.L.U.; project administration, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U.; funding acquisition, N.J.-M. and L.E.L.U. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding: This research was funded by CONAHCYT, “Estancias postdoctorales por México”, grant umber CVU425480.

Data availability statement: Data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and upon request from the corresponding author.

Acknowledgments: The authors express their gratitude towards Rene Diaz Rebollar and Jazmin Gomez Sara for their technical assistance in conducting the chemical reactions presented in this current study. Additionally, the assistance provided by Luis Alberto Caceres Diaz in the execution of XRD analyses is also acknowledged. Furthermore, N.J.M. extends sincere recognition to CIATEQ A.C. for their provision of essential resources and infrastructure crucial to the advancement of this research. The support rendered by CONAHCYT through the “Estancias postdoctorales por México” program is also gratefully acknowledged, as it has contributed financial backing to the project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Agave lechuguilla Natural fiber Silane coupling agent INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Variabilidad estacional de la productividad primaria y su relación con la estratificación vertical en la bahía de La Paz, BCS

Seasonal variability of primary productivity and its relation to the vertical stratification in La Paz, BCS

RAFAEL CERVANTES DUARTE RUBEN ANTELMO MORALES PEREZ JOSE EDUARDO VALDEZ HOLGUIN (2003, [Artículo])

Se estimó la productividad primaria (pp) vía fluorescencia natural en la bahía de La Paz durante octubre de 1996, marzo, abril, mayo, junio, julio, septiembre, noviembre de 1997, y enero de 1998. simultáneamente a los registros de pp se realizaron perfiles verticales de temperatura (CTD) para determinar la estructura de la columna de agua, y de los cuales se estimó el índice de estratificación (_) de 0 a 100 m de profundidad. Durante primavera se observaron los valores promedio más altos de pp (16 mg C m-3 h-1) y valores bajos de _ (50 J m-3) que corresponden a una columna de agua casi homogénea. En contraste, en las subsecuentes estaciones (verano y otoño), la pp decreció a valores mínimos (2 y 5 mg C m-3 h-1), mientras que _ se incrementó significativamente (249 y 347 J m-3). Los resultados indican que existe una dependencia lineal de la pp y la mezcla en la columna de agua (r2 = 0.62, p<0.05) durante los meses de verano. Periodos con una alta estratificación tienden posiblemente a inhibir la fertilización de la capa superficial, mientras que una columna de agua bien mezclada facilita el proceso de fertilización. Por lo tanto, es evidente que en la Bahía de La Paz la estratificación asume un papel importante como mecanismo que controla la pp y explica parcialmente la variabilidad estacional observada en la bahía.

Materia orgánica Producción primaria La Paz Fluorescencia natural BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Análisis de los escurrimientos de la cuenca del río Verde

MARIA DE LOS ANGELES SUAREZ MEDINA ERNESTO AGUILAR GARDUÑO (2016, [Libro])

México se compone de 37 regiones hidrológicas que, a su vez, se dividen en 731 cuencas. El escurrimiento disponible en una cuenca hidrológica se calcula con base en el principio de continuidad. El escurrimiento natural por cuenca propia es el componente hidrológico más importante que determina el potencial del escurrimiento generado en una cuenca determinada. Este volumen se calcula con base en los métodos señalados en la NOM-011-Conagua-2015: uno es el “método directo”, basado en el volumen aforado y, el otro, es el “método indirecto”, el más usado cuando no se tiene escurrimiento medido (relación lluvia-escurrimiento). En este libro se presenta el análisis de los escurrimientos de la cuenca del río Verde, la cual se ubica en porciones territoriales de los estados de Zacatecas, Aguascalientes y Jalisco.

Escurrimiento natural Cuencas CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA