In vitro Digestibility of Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast and Growth Performance in Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

ANA RUTH ALVAREZ SANCHEZ CLAUDIO HUMBERTO MEJIA RUIZ Héctor Gerardo Nolasco Soria Alberto Peña Rodríguez (2018, [Artículo])

"Marine yeasts used in aquaculture disease control can also be an important protein source for improving feeding and nutrition of crustaceans. Yarrowia lipolyticca has been studied for its capacity to secrete heterologous proteins and high content of unsaturated fatty acids, beta-glucan, and mannane polymers in the cell wall. We measured in vitro digestibility of Y. lipolyticca by whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei digestive enzymes, and an in vivo assay of Y. lipolytica in feed onwhiteleg shrimp growth. We found that digestive gland enzymes of shrimp digest Y. lipolytica, based on reduced optical density of a yeast suspension. Digestion was –0.00236 ± 0.00010 OD U min–1 for intact cells and –0.00325 ± 0.00010 OD U min–1 for lysed cells. Release of reducing sugars in intact cells (5.3940 ± 0.1713 μmol h–1), and lysed cells (0.8396 ± 0.2251 μmol h–1) was measured. Digestive gland treatment significantly reduced cell viability (near 100%), relative to the control. Electron microscopy shows that the cell wall of Y. lipolytica exposed to the digestive gland enzymes was severely damaged. Shrimp diet containing Y. lipolytica resulted in significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate of whiteleg shrimp."

Marine yeast, cell digestibility, cell viability, turbidimetry, reduced sugars BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOQUÍMICA BIOQUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS BIOQUÍMICA DE ALIMENTOS

Classification of Cucumber Leaves Based on Nitrogen Content Using the Hyperspectral Imaging Technique and Majority Voting.

Sajad Sabzi Razieh Pourdarbani Mohammad Hossein Rohban Alejandro Fuentes_Penna José Luis Hernández-Hernández Mario Hernández Hernández (2021, [Artículo])

Improper usage of nitrogen in cucumber cultivation causes nitrate accumulation in the fruit and results in food poisoning in humans; therefore, mandatory evaluation of food products becomes inevitable. Hyperspectral imaging has a very good ability to evaluate the quality of fruits and vegetables in a non-destructive manner. The goal of the present paper was to identify excess nitrogen in cucumber plants. To obtain a reliable result, the majority voting method was used, which takes into account the unanimity of five classifiers, namely, the hybrid artificial neural network¿imperialism competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA), the hybrid artificial neural network¿harmonic search (ANN-HS) algorithm, linear discrimination analysis (LDA), the radial basis function network (RBF), and the Knearest- neighborhood (KNN). The wavelengths of 723, 781, and 901 nm were determined as optimal wavelengths using the hybrid artificial neural network¿biogeography-based optimization (ANNBBO) algorithm, and the performance of classifiers was investigated using the optimal spectrum. The results of a t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the precision of the algorithm when using the optimal wavelengths and wavelengths of the whole range. The correct classification rate of the classifiers ANN-ICA, ANN-HS, LDA, RBF, and KNN were 96.14%, 96.11%, 95.73%, 64.03%, and 95.24%, respectively. The correct classification rate of majority voting (MV) was 95.55% for test data in 200 iterations, which indicates the system was successful in distinguishing nitrogen-rich leaves from leaves with a standard content of nitrogen.

artificial neural network cucumber hyperspectral imaging majority voting nitrogen INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ALIMENTOS

Microbiological Analysis of the Air in a Popular Fish Processing and Marketing Area

Angélica Sinaí Quintanilla Martínez Lizet Aguirre Güitrón Luis Daniel Espinosa Chaurand MAYRA DIAZ RAMIREZ ALEJANDRO DE JESUS CORTES SANCHEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"Fish are marketed as a food and consumed worldwide. During the production of food, contamination by microorganisms is possible through the air, soil, water, surfaces, food handlers, etc. The air does not have a natural microbial composition, but it is a vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms of economic and health interest because they are associated with food spoilage and human diseases. The objective of this study was the microbiological analysis of the air in an area popular for the processing and marketing of fish products in the city of Tepic Nayarit. Using the passive or sedimentation method to collect microorganisms present in the air, the proportion of aerobic mesophile bacteria, coliform bacteria, fungi and yeast was determined at different locations in the fish processing and marketing area for four weeks. The results indicated that the aerobic mesophiles had the highest counts among all the microbial groups analyzed at the twelve different sampling points during the four weeks of the study; their numbers ranged from 2.44 to 2.95 log CFU/m3/h, followed by molds with counts from 1.44 to 2.75 log CFU/m3/h, yeasts with counts from 0.7 to 2.01 log CFU/m3/h and coliforms with counts that ranged from 0.7 to 1.68 log CFU/m3/h. We determined the proportion of the viable microbiological population present in the air at the different sampling points of the study area; several of these sampling points presented values above those recommended by various agencies around the world. Knowledge of the biological hazards transported through the air is important to establish and reduce the risk to the health of occupants and the contamination pathways of processed and marketed fishery products that may be associated with spoilage and foodborne diseases."

food safety, food quality, air pollution, airborne biohazard, environmental monitoring INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ALIMENTOS HIGIENE DE LOS ALIMENTOS HIGIENE DE LOS ALIMENTOS

Comparison of Different Classifiers and the Majority Voting Rule for the Detection of Plum Fruits in Garden Conditions.

Razieh Pourdarbani Sajad Sabzi Mario Hernández Hernández José Luis Hernández-Hernández Ginés García_Mateos Davood Kalantari José Miguel Molina Martínez (2019, [Artículo])

Color segmentation is one of the most thoroughly studied problems in agricultural applications of remote image capture systems, since it is the key step in several different tasks, such as crop harvesting, site specific spraying, and targeted disease control under natural light. This paper studies and compares five methods to segment plum fruit images under ambient conditions at 12 different light intensities, and an ensemble method combining them. In these methods, several color features in different color spaces are first extracted for each pixel, and then the most e

ective features are selected using a hybrid approach of artificial neural networks and the cultural algorithm (ANN-CA). The features selected among the 38 defined channels were the b* channel of L*a*b*, and the color purity index, C*, from L*C*h. Next, fruit/background segmentation is performed using five classifiers: artificial neural network-imperialist competitive algorithm (ANN-ICA); hybrid artificial neural network-harmony search (ANN-HS); support vector machines (SVM); k nearest neighbors (kNN); and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In the ensemble method, the final class for each pixel is determined using the majority voting method. The experiments showed that the correct classification rate for the majority voting method excluding LDA was 98.59%, outperforming the results of the constituent methods.

remote sensing in agriculture artificial neural network hybridization environmental conditions majority voting plum segmentation INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ALIMENTOS

An anion conductance, the essential component of the hydroxyl-radical-induced Ion current in plant roots

IGOR POTTOSIN ALBERTO ISAAC ZEPEDA JAZO JAYACUMAR BOSE (2018, [Artículo])

Oxidative stress signaling is essential for plant adaptation to hostile environments. Previous studies revealed the essentiality of hydroxyl radicals (HO•)-induced activation of massive K+ efflux and a smaller Ca2+ influx as an important component of plant adaptation to a broad range of abiotic stresses. Such activation would modify membrane potential making it more negative. Contrary to these expectations, here, we provide experimental evidence that HO• induces a strong depolarization, from −130 to −70 mV, which could only be explained by a substantial HO•-induced efflux of intracellular anions. Application of Gd3+ and NPPB, non-specific blockers of cation and anion conductance, respectively, reduced HO• induced ion fluxes instantaneously, implying a direct block of the dual conductance. The selectivity of an early instantaneous HO•-induced whole cell current fluctuated from more anionic to more cationic and vice versa, developing a higher cation selectivity at later times. The parallel electroneutral efflux of K+ and anions should underlie a substantial leak of the cellular electrolyte, which may affect the cell’s turgor and metabolic status. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed in the context of cell fate determination, and ROS and cytosolic K+ signaling

BIOQUÍMICA Anions Membrane potentials (Electrophysiology) Patch-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology) Oxidative stress Anion conductance Electrolyte leakage Hydroxyl radical

EVALUACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD Y EXPRESIÓN GÉNICA DE ENZIMAS ANTIOXIDANTES (SOD, GPX, GST, GR y CAT) COMO BIOMARCADORES DE EXPOSICIÓN A FTALATOS EN CULTIVO CELULAR

Elizabeth Brassea Pérez (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

"El plastificante bis(2-etilhexilo) ftalato (DEHP) altera el equilibrio entre la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y las defensas antioxidantes. A pesar de la información disponible sobre los efectos tóxicos del DEHP en organismos modelo, la respuesta celular al DEHP en especies naturalmente adaptadas para tolerar el estrés oxidativo aún no se ha explorado. Los mamíferos marinos están naturalmente adaptados para hacer frente al estrés oxidativo derivado de la isquemia/reperfusión inducida por el buceo. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los cambios en los indicadores de estrés oxidativo asociados al DEHP en células de músculo esquelético de humanos (Homo sapiens sapiens) y lobos marinos de California (Zalophus californianus). Se recolectaron muestras de músculo abdominal de mujeres sanas sometidas a cesárea programada, tras obtener su consentimiento informado. Las muestras de músculo de lobo marino se obtuvieron de crías encontradas recientemente muertas en la colonia de Los Islotes, Golfo de California. Las células de músculo esquelético se aislaron y cultivaron en condiciones estándar. Las células se dividieron en dos grupos. Un grupo fue expuesto a DEHP (1 mM) durante 13 días (n=25; exposición), el otro grupo se mantuvo bajo condiciones control, es decir sin DEHP añadido (n=25; control). Se midió la producción de radical superóxido (O2•-), el daño oxidativo, la actividad de enzimas antioxidantes y la expresión génica mediante métodos espectrofotométricos y RT-qPCR. En células expuestas al DEHP la producción de O2•- y la actividad de superóxido dismutasa (SOD) fueron mayores que en las células bajo condiciones control para ambas especies. La actividad de glutatión S-transferasa (GST) y los niveles de carbonilos proteicos (PC) aumentaron significativamente en las células humanas expuestas a DEHP, y no significativamente en las células de lobo marino. Por el contrario, las actividades de glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) y catalasa (CAT) aumentaron significativamente en las células de lobo marino, pero no en las de humano expuestas a DEHP. Se observó una expresión diferencial de los genes implicados en el metabolismo redox entre las células control y expuestas a DEHP y entre especies. Los patrones de expresión de 26 y 19 genes fueron significativamente diferentes en las células humanas y de lobo marino, respectivamente, después de la exposición a DEHP. En las células humanas, la expresión de la GST1 microsomal y la GST (κ, μ, θ, ω y ᴢ) fue mayor,

"The plasticizer bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dysregulates the balance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses. Despite the information available on DEHP’s hazardous effects in model species, the cellular response to DEHP in organisms naturally adapted to tolerate oxidative stress remains unexplored. Marine mammals are naturally adapted to cope with oxidative stress derived from diving-induced ischemia/reperfusion. The objective of this study was to compare changes in oxidative stress indicators induced by DEHP in human (Homo sapiens sapiens) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) skeletal muscle cells. Abdominal muscle samples were collected from healthy women undergoing planned cesarean surgery at full term after obtaining informed consent. Sea lion muscle samples were obtained from recently deceased pups at Los Islotes rookery, Gulf of California. Skeletal muscle cells were isolated and cultured under standard conditions. Cells were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 1 mM DEHP for 13 days (n=25; treatment), and the other served as a control (n=25; no DEHP). Superoxide radical (O2•-) production, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression were measured using spectrophotometric methods and RT-qPCR. DEHP exposure increased O2•- production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both species. While the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and protein carbonyls (PC) levels significantly increased in human cells, these indicators showed a non-significant elevation in sea lion cells. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities increased significantly in sea lion but not in human cultures exposed to DEHP. Genes involved in redox metabolism showed differential expression between treatments and species. DEHP exposure led to widespread modifications in gene expression patterns, with 26 and 19 differentially expressed genes in human and sea lion cells, respectively. In human cells, DEHP increased GST1 and GST (κ, μ, θ, ω, and ᴢ), while suppressing 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), CAT, GR, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression, suggesting increased oxidative stress and phase two detoxification processes. In contrast, DEHP increased OGG1, NRF2, GPx2 and SOD3 expression, suggesting that DEHP activates antioxidant defenses in sea lion cells, potentially contributing to maintain redox homeostasis and avoid oxidative...

Contaminantes emergentes, enzimas antioxidantes, estrés oxidativo, mamíferos, Una Salud Antioxidant enzymes, emerging pollutants, mammals, One Health, oxidative stress BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA QUÍMICA BIOQUÍMICA ENZIMOLOGIA ENZIMOLOGIA

Environmental Nanoparticles Reach Human Fetal Brains

LILIAN OFELIA CALDERON GARCIDUEÑAS ANGEL AUGUSTO PEREZ CALATAYUD ANGELICA GONZALEZ MACIEL RAFAEL REYNOSO ROBLES Héctor Gabriel Silva Pereyra Andrea Ramos Morales RICARDO TORRES JARDON Candelario de Jesús Soberanes Cerino Raúl Carrillo Esper JESÚS CARLOS BRIONES GARDUÑO Yazmin del Socorro Conde Gutiérrez (2022, [Artículo])

"Anthropogenic ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) and industrial and natural nanoparticles (NPs) are ubiquitous. Normal term, preeclamptic, and postconceptional weeks(PCW) 8–15 human placentas and brains from polluted Mexican cities were analyzed by TEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We documented NPs in maternal erythrocytes, early syncytiotrophoblast, Hofbauer cells, and fetal endothelium (ECs). Fetal ECs exhibited caveolar NP activity and widespread erythroblast contact. Brain ECs displayed micropodial extensions reaching luminal NP-loaded erythroblasts. Neurons and primitive glia displayed nuclear, organelle, and cytoplasmic NPs in both singles and conglomerates. Nanoscale Fe, Ti, and Al alloys, Hg, Cu, Ca, Sn, and Si were detected in placentas and fetal brains. Preeclamptic fetal blood NP vesicles are prospective neonate UFPM exposure biomarkers. NPs are reaching brain tissues at the early developmental PCW 8–15 stage, and NPs in maternal and fetal placental tissue compartments strongly suggests the placental barrier is not limiting the access of environmental NPs. Erythroblasts are the main early NP carriers to fetal tissues. The passage of UFPM/NPs from mothers to fetuses is documented and fingerprinting placental single particle composition could be useful for postnatal risk assessments. Fetal brain combustion and industrial NPs raise medical concerns about prenatal and postnatal health, including neurological and neurodegenerative lifelong consequences."

Environmental medicine Placental impairment Neurodevelopmental disorders Fetal brains Erythroblasts Preeclampsia Nanoparticles NPs extracellular vesicles Petrochemical pollution Villahermosa Tabasco BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA QUÍMICA BIOQUÍMICA BIOQUÍMICA

A Novel Technique for Classifying Bird Damage to Rapeseed Plants Based on a Deep Learning Algorithm.

Ali Mirzazadeh Afshin Azizi Yousef Abbaspour_Gilandeh José Luis Hernández-Hernández Mario Hernández Hernández Iván Gallardo Bernal (2021, [Artículo])

Estimation of crop damage plays a vital role in the management of fields in the agricultura sector. An accurate measure of it provides key guidance to support agricultural decision-making systems. The objective of the study was to propose a novel technique for classifying damaged crops based on a state-of-the-art deep learning algorithm. To this end, a dataset of rapeseed field images was gathered from the field after birds¿ attacks. The dataset consisted of three classes including undamaged, partially damaged, and fully damaged crops. Vgg16 and Res-Net50 as pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks were used to classify these classes. The overall classification accuracy reached 93.7% and 98.2% for the Vgg16 and the ResNet50 algorithms, respectively. The results indicated that a deep neural network has a high ability in distinguishing and categorizing different image-based datasets of rapeseed. The findings also revealed a great potential of Deep learning-based models to classify other damaged crops.

rapeseed classification damaged crops deep neural networks INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ALIMENTOS

Factores que contribuyen al consumo de ultraprocesados en los hogares vulnerables con jefatura femenina de Cuautla, Morelos

MÓNICA VÁZQUEZ ARELLANO (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar cuáles son los principales factores que contribuyen a promover el consumo de alimentos y bebidas ultraprocesadas (AYBUPs) en hogares vulnerables con jefatura femenina. Para tal fin, se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo basado en el estudio de caso. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación. La investigación se realizó en el municipio de Cuautla. Se examinaron tres factores que inciden en las

elecciones alimentarias de las jefas de familia, a saber: sociodemográficos, económicos y socioculturales. Los resultados indican que la población entrevistada vive en zona de pobreza y marginación social, los problemas principales son la escasez de agua y vivienda adecuada. La mayoría tienen empleos en el sector informal y no cuentan prestaciones sociales. El ingreso familiar está conformado por varias personas, sin embargo, la sobrecarga de trabajo recae principalmente sobre la jefa de familia. Todas las familias presentan miembros con enfermedades crónicas. Su principal criterio de compra es que los alimentos sean baratos. Los ultraprocesados han penetrado en el ámbito de la cultural alimentaria pues su consumo acontece tanto en lo cotidiano como el festivo. La alimentación de estas familias no se centra en los alimentos ultraprocesados aunque algunos se consumen cotidianamente. Además, se observa una tendencia a su incremento pues las mujeres han ido sustituyendo ingredientes o alimentos caseros por el uso de ultraprocesados, este fenómeno se exacerbó en el periodo del confinamiento. Se concluye que los hogares liderados por mujeres son más vulnerables a la compra de alimentos ultraprocesados pues habitan ambientes alimentarios en los que predominan estos alimentos que son de fácil preparación, baratos y que tienen al alcance, este fenómeno puede ser interpretado como un indicador de que en esos hogares se padecen inseguridad alimentaria.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES SOCIOLOGÍA alimentos ultraprocesados, seguridad alimentaria, mujeres trabajadoras, alimentación en el contexto urbano, determinantes sociales de la salud.

Evaluación morfológica, bioquímica y diversidad genética del germoplasma silvestre de Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) y Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) del Noroeste de México

NIDIA ARAIZA LIZARDE (2016, [Tesis de doctorado])

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) are potential sources to obtaining oil for industrial purposes and production of biodiesel (Masayuki, 1976; Masayuki and Takeshi, 1980). The objectives of this study were to analyze the morphological characteristics of seeds, oil content, physicochemical parameters of lipid, fatty acids composition and genetic variability of ecotypes of jojoba and jatropha in the Northwest of Mexico. Three ecotypes of jojoba named Indígena la Huerta, Sonoyta, and Todos Santos were evaluated. Sonoyta seeds ecotype has the highest weight, length and thickness (0.82g, 15.98 mm and 9.28 mm). Significant differences in color and seed moisture were observed. The number of seeds per kilogram was higher in the ecotype Indígena la Huerta (1217). The oil content was between 43, 44 and 49% in the 3 ecotypes. Viscosity, density, index of acidity, peroxide, yodine and refraction showed no significant differences. The most abundant fatty acids were the Eicosanoic (52 to 62.43%), oleic (13.80 to 27.36%) and Palmitic (6.43-9.70%). ISSR analysis on the accessions of S. chinensis showed a 54% polymorphic. On the other hand 3 ecotypes of Jatropha curcas Estación Dimas, El Quelite and La Campana were analyzed. No significant differences in weight, length, thickness, humidity and number of seeds per kg. The color of the seeds was 60.80 to 65.64 °Hue. The oil content of the germ of J. curcas was 52 to 56%. Viscosity, density, index of acidity, peroxide, iodine and refraction showed no significant differences in the seeds collected in the three ecotypes in study. The most abundant saturated fatty acids were oleic (44 to 46%), linoleic (42 to 44%) and palmitic (4-6%). SSR analysis of J. curcas accessions showed expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.7524, 0.7092 and 0.7956 in ecotypes of La Campana, Estación Dimas and El Quelite respectively. The wild germplasm of jatropha and jojoba is an alternative in the cosmetics and energy industry and represents a potential for activating the economy in arid and semi-arid regions of México.

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) y jatropha (Jatropha curcas) son fuentes potenciales para la obtención de aceite con fines industriales y para la producción de biodiesel (Masayuki, 1976; Masayuki y Takeshi, 1980). Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar las características morfológicas de las semillas, el contenido de aceite, los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los lípidos, la composición de ácidos grasos y la diversidad genética de ecotipos de jojoba y jatropha en el Noroeste de México. Se evaluaron tres ecotipos de jojoba denominados Indígena la Huerta, Sonoyta y Todos Santos. Las semillas del ecotipo de Sonoyta presentaron el mayor peso, longitud y grosor (0.82 g, 15.98 mm y 9.28 mm). Se observaron diferencias significativas en el color y la humedad de la semilla. El número de semillas por kilogramo fue mayor en el ecotipo de Indígena la Huerta (1217 semillas). El contenido de aceite fue de 43 a 49% en los 3 ecotipos. La viscosidad, densidad específica, índice de acidez, peróxido, yodo y refracción no mostraron diferencias significativas. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron el eicosanoico (52 a 62.43%), oleico (13.80 a 27.36%), y palmítico (6.43 a 9.70%). El análisis ISSR mostró un porcentaje polimórfico de 54 %. Por otro lado, se analizaron 3 ecotipos de Jatropha curcas denominados Estación Dimas, El Quelite y La Campana. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el peso, longitud, grosor, humedad y número de semillas por kilogramo. El color de las semillas fue de 60.80 a 65.64 °Hue. El contenido de aceite del germen de J. curcas fue de 52 a 56%. La viscosidad, densidad específica, índice de acidez, peróxido, yodo y refracción del aceite no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los ecotipos estudiados. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes fueron el oleico (44 a 46%), linoleico (42 a 44%) y palmítico (4 a 6%). El análisis SSR de accesiones de J. curcas mostró la heterocigosidad esperada (He) de 0.7524, 0.7092 y 0.7956 en los ecotipos de La Campana, Estación Dimas y El Quelite, respectivamente. El germoplasma silvestre de jojoba y jatropha es una alternativa en la industria cosmética y energética, representan un potencial para activar la economía en las regiones áridas y semiáridas de México.

ácidos grasos, semillas, ISSR, lípidos, jatropha, jojoba, SSR INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA BIOQUÍMICA ACEITES Y GRASAS VEGETALES ACEITES Y GRASAS VEGETALES