Desarrollo de una tecnología de tratamiento para aguas residuales de la industria tequilera

Marco Antonio Garzón-Zúñiga EDSON BALTAZAR ESTRADA ARRIAGA gabriela mantilla morales (2013, [Documento de trabajo])

El objetivo del proyecto fue desarrollar un sistema de tratamiento para las aguas residuales (vinazas) de la industria del tequila, adaptado al contexto socio-económico y climático mexicano.

Informes de proyectos Industria de las bebidas alcohólicas Tequila Tratamiento de efluentes industriales Desarrollo tecnológico INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Genetic effects of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b dwarfing alleles on plant height and agronomic traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines

Zine El Abidine Fellahi Abderrahmane Hannachi Susanne Dreisigacker deepmala sehgal Hamenna Bouzerzour (2023, [Artículo])

Pleiotropic Effects Reduced Height Genes CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA PLANT HEIGHT TRITICUM AESTIVUM YIELD COMPONENTS ALLELES BREEDING LINES

Contracting in teams with network technologies

Giselle Labrador Badía (2020, [Tesis de maestría])

We develop a contracting model between the owner and the workers of a firm when production depends directly on a network of synergies among workers. We aim to answer how the owner of the firm uses the network structure to maximize profits. With this purpose, we analyze two contracting regimes: single wage and perfect discrimination. We find that individual network characteristics, as well as aggregate measures, affect profits and salaries. We also study the parameters for wich the incentives to discriminate and to account for the network structure are significant.

Externalities (Economics) -- Mathematical models. CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Una perspectiva sistémica de la Triple Hélice en la innovación social en la Ciudad de México: Revisión de literatura

Juan Erick Amador Santiago RICARDO TEJEIDA-PADILLA ISAIAS BADILLO-PIÑA ANA LILIA CORIA_PÁEZ (2023, [Artículo])

"El presente artículo tiene por objetivo hacer una revisión teórica proveniente de diversas fuentes, centrada en el estudio de la implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a la innovación social. Se utiliza como guía metodológica la Triple Hélice y el Modelo de Sistema Viable en entornos de similitud, social, económica, política, educativa y cultural, en el contexto mexicano. Asimismo, se pretende puntualizar los programas sociales basados en la Triple Hélice hallados en la búsqueda de la bibliografía que implementaron la inclusión de estos preceptos metodológicos. Los resultados se centran en la posibilidad de crear nuevas líneas de investigación en colaboración mediante el diseño y la propuesta de un modelo que subsane el campo de la innovación social para un mejor aporte conceptual".

Innovación social Modelo de Sistema Viable Triple Hélice CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIA POLÍTICA CIENCIA POLÍTICA

Modeling the growth, yield and N dynamics of wheat for decoding the tillage and nitrogen nexus in 8-years long-term conservation agriculture based maize-wheat system

C.M. Parihar Dipaka Ranjan Sena Prakash Chand Ghasal Shankar Lal Jat Yashpal Singh Saharawat Mahesh Gathala Upendra Singh Hari Sankar Nayak (2024, [Artículo])

Context: Agricultural field experiments are costly and time-consuming, and their site-specific nature limits their ability to capture spatial and temporal variability. This hinders the transfer of crop management information across different locations, impeding effective agricultural decision-making. Further, accurate estimates of the benefits and risks of alternative crop and nutrient management options are crucial for effective decision-making in agriculture. Objective: The objective of this study was to utilize the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis CERES-Wheat model to simulate crop growth, yield, and nitrogen dynamics in a long-term conservation agriculture (CA) based wheat system. The study aimed to calibrate the model using data from a field experiment conducted during the 2019-20-2020-21 growing seasons and evaluation it with independent data from the year 2021–22. Method: Crop simulation models, such as the Crop Environment Resource Synthesis CERES-Wheat (DSSAT v 4.8), may provide valuable insights into crop growth and nitrogen dynamics, enabling decision makers to understand and manage production risk more effectively. Therefore, the present study employed the CERES-Wheat (DSSAT v 4.8) model and calibrated it using field data, including plant phenological phases, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, and grain yield from the 2019-20-2020-21 growing seasons. An independent dataset from the year 2021–22 was used for model evaluation. The model was used to investigate the relationship between growing degree days (GDD), temperature, nitrate and ammonical concentration in soil, and nitrogen uptake by the crop. Additionally, the study explored the impact of contrasting tillage practices and fertilizer nitrogen management options on wheat yields. The experimental site is situated at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, representing Indian Trans-Gangetic Plains Zone (28o 40’N latitude, 77o 11’E longitude and an altitude of 228 m above sea level). The treatments consist of four nitrogen management options, viz., N0 (zero nitrogen), N150 (150 kg N ha−1 through urea), GS (Green seeker based urea application) and USG (urea super granules @150 kg N ha−1) in two contrasting tillage systems, i.e., CA-based zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT). Result: The outcomes exhibited favorable agreement between the model’s simulations and the observed data for crop phenology (With less than 2 days variation in 50% onset of flowering), grain and biomass yield (Root mean square error; RMSE 336 kg ha−1 and 649 kg ha−1, respectively), and leaf area index (LAI) (RMSE 0.28 & normalized RMSE; nRMSE 6.69%). The model effectively captured the nitrate-N (NO3−-N) dynamics in the soil profile, exhibiting a remarkable concordance with observed data, as evident from its low RMSE = 12.39 kg ha−1 and nRMSE = 13.69%. Moreover, as it successfully simulated the N balance in the production system, the nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization pattern as described by the model are highly useful to understand these critical phenomena under both conventional tillage (CT) and CA-based Zero Tillage (ZT) treatments. Conclusion: The study concludes that the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model has significant potential to assess the impacts of tillage and nitrogen management practices on crop growth, yield, and soil nitrogen dynamics in the western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) region. By providing reliable forecasts within the growing season, this modeling approach can facilitate better planning and more efficient resource management. Future implications: The successful implementation of the DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model in this study highlights its applicability in assessing crop performance and soil dynamics. Future research should focus on expanding the model’s capabilities by reducing its sensitivity to initial soil nitrogen levels to refine its predictions further. Moreover, the model’s integration with decision support systems and real-time data can enhance its usefulness in aiding agricultural decision-making and supporting sustainable crop management practices.

Nitrogen Dynamics Mechanistic Crop Growth Models Crop Simulation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA NITROGEN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE WHEAT MAIZE CROP GROWTH RATE SIMULATION MODELS

Modelación numérica de la circulación de la bahía de Todos Santos, B.C., México

Efraín Mateos Farfán Gabriela Colorado Ruiz (2017, [Documento de trabajo])

La modelación numérica fue la principal herramienta empleada en este trabajo. Para conocer la dinámica de la bahía de Todos Santos, se realizaron distintas corridas numéricas tanto del océano como de la atmósfera, con el modelo ROMS y WRF respectivamente. Para el caso de la modelación del océano, se incluyeron experimentos para conocer los efectos de baja frecuencia (viento sinóptico y Sistema de la Corriente de California) y altas frecuencias (mareas). En los experimentos realizados se encontró que las bajas frecuencias pueden generar variabilidad, en los campos de velocidad, de tres a cinco días a través de la propagación de una onda baroclínica que viaja desde la región de Punta Banda hasta la boca noroeste de la bahía. Para las altas frecuencias, se encontraron evidencias que la componente M2 de la marea es dominante en la región sur de la bahía, mientras que la brisa marina es importante en la región costera.

Hidrometeorología Modelación númerica CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Un modelo para simular la transferencia de agua en sistemas de riego por goteo

MANUEL ZAVALA TREJO WALDO OJEDA BUSTAMANTE (1999, [Artículo])

Se presenta un modelo numérico de simulación para describir y analizar la infiltración y redistribución del agua en el suelo bajo condiciones de riego por goteo. La solución numérica de la forma mixta de la ecuación de Richards se obtuvo utilizando el método del elemento finito en la discretización espacial y un esquema de diferencias finitas implícito para la integración en el tiempo. En una primera etapa el esquema numérico fue validado comparando sus resultados con soluciones analíticas obtenidas para formas simplificadas de la ecuación de transferencia de agua. Posteriormente se presentan algunos casos prácticos de interés agrícola donde se analizan alternativas potenciales que permitan diseñar y mejorar este tipo de sistema de riego.

Riego por goteo Transferencia de agua Modelos numéricos Simulación CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

High spatial resolution seasonal crop yield forecasting for heterogeneous maize environments in Oromia, Ethiopia

Kindie Tesfaye Vakhtang Shelia Pierre C. Sibiry Traore Dawit Solomon Gerrit Hoogenboom (2023, [Artículo])

Seasonal climate variability determines crop productivity in Ethiopia, where rainfed smallholder farming systems dominate in the agriculture production. Under such conditions, a functional and granular spatial yield forecasting system could provide risk management options for farmers and agricultural and policy experts, leading to greater economic and social benefits under highly variable environmental conditions. Yet, there are currently only a few forecasting systems to support early decision making for smallholder agriculture in developing countries such as Ethiopia. To address this challenge, a study was conducted to evaluate a seasonal crop yield forecast methodology implemented in the CCAFS Regional Agricultural Forecasting Toolbox (CRAFT). CRAFT is a software platform that can run pre-installed crop models and use the Climate Predictability Tool (CPT) to produce probabilistic crop yield forecasts with various lead times. Here we present data inputs, model calibration, evaluation, and yield forecast results, as well as limitations and assumptions made during forecasting maize yield. Simulations were conducted on a 0.083° or ∼ 10 km resolution grid using spatially variable soil, weather, maize hybrids, and crop management data as inputs for the Cropping System Model (CSM) of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT). CRAFT combines gridded crop simulations and a multivariate statistical model to integrate the seasonal climate forecast for the crop yield forecasting. A statistical model was trained using 29 years (1991–2019) data on the Nino-3.4 Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) as gridded predictors field and simulated maize yields as the predictand. After model calibration the regional aggregated hindcast simulation from 2015 to 2019 performed well (RMSE = 164 kg/ha). The yield forecasts in both the absolute and relative to the normal yield values were conducted for the 2020 season using different predictor fields and lead times from a grid cell to the national level. Yield forecast uncertainties were presented in terms of cumulative probability distributions. With reliable data and rigorous calibration, the study successfully demonstrated CRAFT's ability and applicability in forecasting maize yield for smallholder farming systems. Future studies should re-evaluate and address the importance of the size of agricultural areas while comparing aggregated simulated yields with yield data collected from a fraction of the target area.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP MODELLING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FORECASTING MAIZE

Caracterización hidrodinámica de los suelos a partir del perfil de las presiones

Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino CARLOS FUENTES RUIZ Claude Hammecker (2005, [Artículo])

Las características hidrodinámicas de los suelos formadas por las curvas de retención de humedad del suelo y de la conductividad hidráulica, son estimadas mediante modelación inversa con la ecuación de Richards. Se ha aceptado la función hiperbólica general presentada por Braddock et al. (2001) para la curva de retención y tres modelos fractales de la conductividad hidráulica propuestos por Fuentes et al. (2001): los modelos del poro de la media geométrica, del poro neutral y del poro grande. La función hiperbólica contiene seis parámetros (θr, θs, ψd, λ, m, n); los contenidos de humedad residual (θr) y a saturación (θs) son asumidos iguales a cero y a la porosidad volumétrica total del suelo, respectivamente. Para obtener formas analíticas cerradas de la conductividad hidráulica a partir de los modelos fractales y explicitar la función θ(ψ), los tres parámetros de forma (λ, m, n) son reducidos a uno (m); la presión característica (ψd) y la conductividad hidráulica a saturación (Ks) forman parte de los parámetros desconocidos del sistema (ψd, Ks, m), los cuales pueden ser obtenidos replicando las observaciones de la presión en el perfil del suelo. Los parámetros obtenidos permiten reproducir las presiones observadas en una profundidad de 11 cm, mediante el criterio de mínimos cuadrados; las presiones observadas en sus extremos son las condiciones de frontera y la condición inicial es obtenida con una interpolación lineal. La raíz del error cuadrático medio del grado efectivo de saturación indica que no existen diferencias significativas entre los tres modelos para describir la evolución temporal de la presión experimental. Sin embargo, las diferencias son significativas en la capacidad de predicción de la evolución temporal del contenido de humedad en la profundidad de 11 cm, y en la predicción de la curva de retención experimental; el mejor modelo de predicción es el modelo del poro grande, seguido por el modelo del poro neutral y, finalmente, por el modelo del poro de la media geométrica.

Conductividad hidráulica Humedad del suelo Curvas de retención Modelos fractales Método inverso CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA

The Mexican environmental flow standard: scope, application and implementation

MARIA ANTONIETA GOMEZ BALANDRA MARIA DEL PILAR SALDAÑA FABELA MARICELA MARTINEZ JIMENEZ (2014, [Artículo])

With the implementation of the Official Mexican Standard NOM-011-CONAGUA-2000, the water balance of 730 basins has been calculated and its water availability agreement is published. This rule points out to allocate water for the environment only as an annual volume since methods for estimating environmental flows were not standardized in the country. In this paper, an analysis of the environmental flow standard and examples of the suggested hydrological methods are presented. For its implementation, some steps are taking place, mainly establishing environmental water reserves and building capacities. In addition, environmental allocations are becoming a common practice for all water projects, as well as setting limits to hydrological alterations by hydroelectric dams. The standard promotes the use of technical integration tools to analyze the responses of ecosystems to changes in the flow regime and adaptive management under different scenarios of water use. Although the main steps have been taken, its implementation as mandatory rule will take time.

Flujos ambientales Modelos hidrológicos Normas técnicas BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA