DISEÑO Y SIMULACIÓN DE UNA PLANTA DE PROCESAMIENTO HIDROTERMAL UTILIZANDO ENERGÍA SOLAR: UN ANÁLISIS TECNO-ECONÓMICO

Eduardo Bautista (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

"En este trabajo de tesis se aborda el modelado tecno-económico de una planta de procesamiento hidrotermal, la cual acoplará en su operación tecnología de concentración solar con el objetivo de transformar biomasa de carácter lignocelulósico (residuos de madera triturada) para obtener productos objetivo de alta densidad energética como lo son los biocombustibles: bio-crudo y gas de síntesis.

El diseño de la planta se contempla para procesar 1 tonelada diaria de desechos de madera, la cual trabaja mediante el uso de energía solar de concentración y gas natural con el objetivo de tener una operación continua."

Energía solar de concentración Licuefacción hidrotermal Biomasa Desechos forestales INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA ENERGÉTICA FUENTES NO CONVENCIONALES DE ENERGÍA FUENTES NO CONVENCIONALES DE ENERGÍA

Solar Irrigation Pump (SIP) sizing tool: user manual (Beta version)

Santosh Mali Paresh Shirsath (2022, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SOLAR POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS PUMPS IRRIGATION WATER MANUALS

Low thermal conductivity solar domestic water heater

MIGUEL ANGEL PORTA GANDARA JOSE LUIS FERNANDEZ ZAYAS JUAN FRANCISCO VILLA MEDINA NORBERTO CHARGOY DEL VALLE (2022, [Artículo])

"Solar domestic water heaters (SWH) with thermosyphon circulation are the most common commercial applications of solar energy in Mexico. They are also becoming popular in the rest of the world, given their simplicity, good economic returns, and sustainability. Traditionally the solar collector, the piping, and the storage tank are built of copper and steel. However, wáter quality in many parts of the Mexican Northwest has high mineral contents and, when heated, results in early metal pitting corrosion of SWH parts. Short-lived water heaters are bad promoters of the technology. In this work, a SWH thermoplastic Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) is built and tested under real operating conditions in La Paz, BCS, Mexico. The optimal design is detected with the aid of a suitable numerical model. Results reveal that a full SWH-CPVC can be technically and economically convenient for the weather conditions of the Northwestern states of Mexico."

Low thermal conductivity solar water heater CPVC solar water heater Solar water heater cooper pitting corrosion Thermosiphon circulation INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA ELECTRÓNICA DISPOSITIVOS TERMOELÉCTRICOS DISPOSITIVOS TERMOELÉCTRICOS

Hacia el desarrollo de un nuevo antiparasitario basado en células en suspensión de Carica papaya

CYNTHIA ALEJANDRA GUZMÁN MEDINA (2023, [Tesis de doctorado])

Las enfermedades parasitarias son un problema de salud pública que afectan a más de la

quinta parte de la población a nivel mundial. Además de la morbilidad que generan, sino

son tratadas y controladas de manera adecuada pueden llegar a causar la muerte.

En el mercado existen diferentes antiparasitarios comerciales, que si bien son efectivos,

presentan diferentes efectos adversos tanto para el individuo parasitado (i.e. destrucción

de la microbiota intestinal) como para el medio ambiente. Este panorama señala la

relevancia de desarrollar tratamientos antiparasitarios más amigables con el ambiente y con

menores efectos adversos que estén disponibles actualmente en el mercado. Productos

obtenidos a partir de plantas con propiedades anti-parasitarias, cultivadas in vitro en

condiciones controladas, podrían representar una alternativa realista. Entre ellas figura la

planta Carica papaya, especie de zonas tropicales y subtropicales del planeta a cuyos frutos

se les adjudica actividades antiparasitarias. Estas propiedades se atribuyen a algunos de

sus compuestos concentrados en el latex y en las semillas como la papaina, la

quimiopapaína, la lisozima, la glicil-endopeptidasa, la proteasa de cisteína y el benzil-

isotiocinato.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antiparasitaria in vitro e in vivo de

un conjunto de callos y líneas de células de papaya de Carica papaya contra cisticercos de

Taenia crassiceps (cestodo) y contra trofozoitos de Entamoeba histolytica (protozoario). Los

extractos acuosos obtenidos a partir de callos y células cultivados en placa o en suspensión,

respectivamente, de las diferentes líneas de papaya revelaron alta capacidad cisticida

(>98% de mortalidad) in vitro contra cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps. En la evaluación in

vivo la línea no transformada obtuvo mayor efecto cisticida a 10mg/mL reduciendo el

número de cisticercos gemantes y aumentando los cisticercos calcificados en niveles

similares a los obtenidos utilizando antiparasitarios comerciales (albendazol y niclosamida).

Las líneas transformadas y sin transformar de papaya evaluadas indujeron una alta

capacidad amebicida (97% de mortalidad) in vitro contra trofozoitos de Entamoeba

histolytica. Las diferentes líneas transformadas y sin transformar de papaya redujeron

significativamente el número de abscesos amebianos y previnieron la hepatomegalia de

manera no significativamente diferente que el anti-parasitario comercial (metronidazol).

Los resultados generados en el presente estudio señalan al extracto acuoso obtenido a

partir de cultivos en suspensión de células de papaya transformada y no transformada

indujeron alto nivel de protección in vitro e in vivo por lo tanto; este es un producto efectivo

para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis y la amebiasis.

Parasitic diseases are a public health problem that affect more than a fifth of the population

worldwide. Additionally, and along with the morbidity the produce, they can cause death if

they are not treated and controlled adequately.

There are different commercial antiparasitic on the market which, although effective,

present different adverse effects both for the individual (i.e., destruction of the intestinal

microbiota) and for the environment alike. This panorama points out the relevance of

developing more environmentally friendly antiparasitic treatments with fewer adverse effects

than the ones currently available on the market. Products obtained from plants with anti-

parasitic properties, grown in vitro under controlled conditions, could represent a realistic

alternative. Among them is the Carica papaya, a species from tropical and subtropical areas

of the planet whose fruits are believed to have antiparasitic activities. These properties are attributed to some of its compounds concentrated in the latex and seeds such as papain,

chymopapain, lysozyme, glycyl-endopeptidase, cysteine-proteinase and benzyl-

isothiocyanate.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity

of a set of papaya callus and cell lines from Carica papaya against cysticerci of Taenia

crassiceps (cestode) and against trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica (protozoan). The

aqueous extracts obtained from callus and cells cultured in plates or in suspension,

respectively, of the different papaya lines revealed high cysticidal capacity (>98% mortality)

in vitro against Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Meanwhile, in the in vivo evaluation, the non-

transformed line obtained a greater cysticidal effect at 10 mg/mL, reducing the number of

budding cysticerci and increasing calcified cysticerci at levels like those obtained using

commercial antiparasitic (albendazole and niclosamide). The papaya lines evaluated

induced a high amoebicidal capacity (97% mortality) in vitro against Entamoeba histolytica

trophozoites. The different papaya lines significantly reduced the number of amoebic

abscesses and prevented hepatomegaly in a non-significantly different manner than the

commercial anti-parasitic (metronidazole).

The results produced in this thesis indicate that the aqueous extract obtained from

suspension cultures of transformed and non-transformed papaya cells induced a high level

of protection in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this may represent an effective product for the

treatment of cysticercosis and amoebiasis.

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Carica papaya, antiparasitario, células en suspensión, T. crassiceps, E. histolytica. Carica papaya, antiparasitic, in-suspension cells, T. crassiceps, E. histolytica.

Appraisal of complementarity of subsurface drip fertigation and conservation agriculture for physiological performance and water economy of maize

C.M. Parihar Hari Sankar Nayak Dipaka Ranjan Sena Renu Pandey Mahesh Gathala ML JAT (2023, [Artículo])

The Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) in north-west (NW) India are facing a severe decline in ground water due to prevalent rice-based cropping systems. To combat this issue, conservation agriculture (CA) with an alternative crop/s, such as maize, is being promoted. Recently, surface drip fertigation has also been evaluated as a viable option to address low-nutrient use efficiency and water scarcity problems for cereals. While the individual benefits of CA and sub-surface drip (SSD) irrigation on water economy are well-established, information regarding their combined effect in cereal-based systems is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment in maize, under an ongoing CA-based maize-wheat system, to evaluate the complementarity of CA with SSD irrigation through two technological interventions–– CA+ (residue retained CA + SSD), PCA+ (partial CA without residue + SSD) – at different N rates (0, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) in comparison to traditional furrow irrigated (FI) CA and conventional tillage (CT) at 120 kg N ha-1. Our results showed that CA+ had the highest grain yield (8.2 t ha-1), followed by PCA+ (8.1 t ha-1). The grain yield under CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 was 27% and 30% higher than CA and CT, respectively. Even at the same N level (120 kg N ha-1), CA+ outperformed CA and CT by 16% and 18%, respectively. The physiological performance of maize also revealed that CA+ based plots with 120 kg N ha-1 had 12% and 3% higher photosynthesis rate at knee-high and silking, respectively compared to FI-CA and CT. Overall, compared to the FI-CA and CT, SSD-based CA+ and PCA+ saved 54% irrigation water and increased water productivity (WP) by more than twice. Similarly, a greater number of split N application through fertigation in PCA+ and CA+ increased agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and recover efficiency by 8–19% and 14–25%, respectively. Net returns from PCA+ and CA+ at 150 kg N ha-1 were significantly higher by US$ 491 and 456, respectively than the FI-CA and CT treatments. Therefore, CA coupled with SSD provided tangible benefits in terms of yield, irrigation water saving, WP, NUE and profitability. Efforts should be directed towards increasing farmers’ awareness of the benefits of such promising technology for the cultivating food grains and commercial crops such as maize. Concurrently, government support and strict policies are required to enhance the system adaptability.

Net Returns Subsurface Drip Irrigation Subsurface Drip Fertigation CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA EFFICIENCY GRAIN NITROGEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHYSIOLOGY WATER SUPPLY CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FERTIGATION GROUNDWATER NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY WATER PRODUCTIVITY

Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India

Manish Kakraliya Deepak Bijarniya Parbodh Chander Sharma ML JAT (2022, [Artículo])

Intensive Tillage Conventional Rice–Wheat Systems Energy Efficiency On-Farm Studies Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE RICE WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS

Low nitrogen narrows down phenotypic diversity in durum wheat

Tesfaye Geleta Aga Bekele Abeyo (2023, [Artículo])

Clusters Durum Wheat Nitrogen Efficiency CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA HARD WHEAT GENETIC DIVERGENCE NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX NITROGEN PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Agricultural emissions reduction potential by improving technical efficiency in crop production

Arun Khatri-Chhetri Tek Sapkota sofina maharjan Paresh Shirsath (2023, [Artículo])

CONTEXT: Global and national agricultural development policies normally tend to focus more on enhancing farm productivity through technological changes than on better use of existing technologies. The role of improving technical efficiency in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction from crop production is the least explored area in the agricultural sector. But improving technical efficiency is necessary in the context of the limited availability of existing natural resources (particularly land and water) and the need for GHG emission reduction from the agriculture sector. Technical efficiency gains in the production process are linked with the amount of input used nd the cost of production that determines both economic and environmental gains from the better use of existing technologies. OBJECTIVE: To assess a relationship between technical efficiency and GHG emissions and test the hypothesis that improving technical efficiency reduces GHG emissions from crop production. METHODS: This study used input-output data collected from 10,689 rice farms and 5220 wheat farms across India to estimate technical efficiency, global warming potential, and emission intensity (GHG emissions per unit of crop production) under the existing crop production practices. The GHG emissions from rice and wheat production were estimated using the CCAFS Mitigation Options Tool (CCAFS-MOT) and the technical efficiency of production was estimated through a stochastic production frontier analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that improving technical efficiency in crop production can reduce emission intensity but not necessarily total emissions. Moreover, our analysis does not support smallholders tend to be technically less efficient and the emissions per unit of food produced by smallholders can be relatively high. Alarge proportion of smallholders have high technical efficiency, less total GHG emissions, and low emissions intensity. This study indicates the levels of technical efficiency and GHG emission are largely influenced by farming typology, i.e. choice and use of existing technologies and management practices in crop cultivation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study will help to promote existing improved technologies targeting GHG emissions reduction from the agriculture production systems.

Technical Efficiency Interventions CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA MITIGATION PRODUCTIVITY CROP PRODUCTION GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Associations between endogenous spike cytokinins and grain-number traits in spring wheat genotypes

Gemma Molero Carolina Rivera-Amado Matthew Paul Reynolds John Foulkes (2024, [Artículo])

Spike Cytokinins Grain Number Fruiting Efficiency Wheat Breeding CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA SPIKES CYTOKININS GRAIN FRUITING HARVEST INDEX WHEAT PLANT BREEDING

Nitrogen use efficiency and genotype-by-environment interaction in durum wheat genotypes under varying nitrogen supply

Tesfaye Geleta Aga Bekele Abeyo (2024, [Artículo])

Straw Nitrogen Uptake Nitrogen Harvest Index CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY STRAW GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION HARD WHEAT