Economic, social and environmental vulnerability to drought in the Northwest river basin system, Mexico

David Ortega Gaucin HEIDY VIVIANA CASTELLANO BAHENA JESUS DE LA CRUZ BARTOLON (2018, [Artículo])

Vulnerability to drought is the degree to which a system is susceptible to damage by drought and incapable of coping with its adverse effects. This article presents a method to calculate drought vulnerability indices in the Northwest River Basin System, Mexico. The method is based on the concept of vulnerability developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007), which differentiates three components of vulnerability: degree of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Each of these components is represented by a set of relative indicators at the municipal level that allow for the determination of three basic types of vulnerability: economic, social and environmental, which converge in overall vulnerability. The successful use of the method in the Northwest River Basin System shows that it can be applied to the rest of river basin systems in Mexico, and it can also be adapted to be used at the state or national level. The strength of the method lies in its approach as an objective analytic procedure that makes it possible to identify the most vulnerable municipalities from economic, social and environmental perspectives, which is useful in managing resources and efforts to reduce vulnerability to drought in the different regions of the country.

Sequías Vulnerabilidad Factores socioeconómicos Impacto ambiental CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Value chain research and development: The quest for impact

Jason Donovan (2023, [Artículo])

Motivation: For decades, governments, donors, and practitioners have promoted market-based development approaches (MBDA), most recently in the form of value chain development (VCD), to spur economic growth and reduce poverty. Changes in approaches have been shaped by funders, practitioners and researchers in ways that are incompletely appreciated. Purpose: We address the following questions: (1) how have researchers and practitioners shaped discussions on MBDA?; and (2) how has research stimulated practice, and how has practice informed research? We hypothesize that stronger exchange between researchers and practitioners increases the relevance and impact of value chain research and development. Methods and approach: We adopt Downs' (1972) concept of issue-attention cycles, which posits that attention to a particular issue follows a pattern where, first, excitement builds over potential solutions; followed by disenchantment as the inherent complexity, trade-offs, and resources required to solve it become apparent; and consequently attention moves on to a new issue. We review the literature on MBDA to see how far this framing applies. Findings: We identify five cycles of approaches to market-based development over the last 40 or more years: (1) non-traditional agricultural exports; (2) small and medium enterprise development; (3) value chains with a globalization perspective; (4) value chains with an agri-business perspective; and (5) value chain development. The shaping and sequencing of these cycles reflect researchers' tendency to analyse and criticize MBDA, while providing limited guidance on workable improvements; practitioners' reluctance to engage in critical reflection on their programmes; and an institutional and funding environment that encourages new approaches. Policy implications: Future MBDA will benefit from stronger engagement between researchers, practitioners, and funders. Before shifting attention to new concepts and approaches, achievements and failures in previous cycles need to be scrutinized. Evidence-based practice should extend for the length of the issue-attention cycle; preferably it should arrest the cycling of attention. Funders can help by requiring grantees to critically reflect on past action, by providing “safe spaces” for sharing such reflections, and by engaging in joint learning with practitioners and researchers.

Agri-Food Value Chains Issue-Attention Cycles Market-Based Development Approaches CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA VALUE CHAINS PRIVATE SECTOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT SMALLHOLDERS

Genetic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 strains that have been isolated in Mexico since 1998

CARLOS ABRAHAM GUERRERO RUIZ (2017, [Artículo])

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen that has been isolated worldwide from clinical cases, most of which have been associated with seafood consumption. Environmental and clinical toxigenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus that were isolated in Mexico from 1998 to 2012, including those from the only outbreak that has been reported in this country, were characterized genetically to assess the presence of the O3:K6 pandemic clone, and their genetic relationship to strains that are related to the pandemic clonal complex (CC3). Pathogenic tdh+ and tdh+/trh+ strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Also, the entire genome of a Mexican O3:K6 strain was sequenced. Most of the strains were tdh/ORF8-positive and corresponded to the O3:K6 serotype. By PFGE and MLST, there was very close genetic relationship between ORF8/O3:K6 strains, and very high genetic diversities from non-pandemic strains. The genetic relationship is very close among O3:K6 strains that were isolated in Mexico and sequences that were available for strains in the CC3, based on the PubMLST database. The whole-genome sequence of CICESE-170 strain had high similarity with that of the reference RIMD 2210633 strain, and harbored 7 pathogenicity islands, including the 4 that denote O3:K6 pandemic strains. These results indicate that pandemic strains that have been isolated in Mexico show very close genetic relationship among them and with those isolated worldwide. © 2017 Guerrero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Article, bacterial strain, biofouling, controlled study, Crassostrea, food intake, gene sequence, genetic analysis, genetic variability, Japan, Mexican, Mexico, molecular phylogeny, nonhuman, pandemic, pathogenicity island, sea food, serotyping, toxi BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA GENÉTICA GENÉTICA

MEDICIÓN DE TEMPERATURA EN OBJETOS DE FASE MEDIANTE UN INTERFERÓMETRO DE MACH-ZEHNDER Y UN INTEFERÓMETRO DE WOLLASTON

Joao Francisco Trujillo Martinez (2022, [Tesis de maestría])

"Se implementarán de manera independiente, las técnicas de interferometría de Mach-Zehnder y de interferometría de Wollaston. Lo anterior para obtener información importante del comportamiento termodinámico de un objeto de fase axisimétrico. Debido a la naturaleza interferómetrica de ambos métodos, serán necesarios dos haces que interfirieran. Por lo anterior, ambas técnicas se mostrarán sensibles al ruido externo, sin embargo, al requerir la interferometría de Wollaston una sola trayectoria para los dos haces que interfieren, se espera que sea esta técnica, una técnica más robusta que la técnica interferométrica de Mach-Zehnder, la cual la hará más propicia para su implementación en un entorno industrial."

Temperatura Metrología Diseño óptico Interferómetro INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL EQUIPO INDUSTRIAL EQUIPO INDUSTRIAL

Estrategia de atención para la introducción de agua potable y saneamiento en comunidades rurales dispersas

EDUARDO LOPEZ RAMIREZ Gemma Millán ROBERTO ROMERO PEREZ RICARDO VICTOR LOPEZ MERA JOSE LUIS MARTINEZ RUIZ Denise Soares (2017, [Documento de trabajo])

El objetivo del presente proyecto ha sido generar una propuesta de política pública que permita el diseño, la elaboración e implementación de acciones para dotar, en el corto plazo, de agua potable a comunidades rurales dispersas en México y que sea acorde al entorno social y ambiental de éstas. El proyecto asume que la identificación, cuantificación, caracterización y análisis de las localidades rurales dispersas, así como el conocimiento de sus condiciones sociales, culturales y económicas, posibilite elaborar una política pública de atención, basada en el conocimiento de su entorno social y ambiental, que permita dotar de mejores servicios de agua potable a dichas localidades. El presente estudio inició con el primer momento de la política pública, es decir “el diseño”, el cual necesariamente debe realizarse a partir de un diagnóstico del problema que se desea resolver (en este caso la situación de las localidades rurales dispersas).

Abastecimiento de agua Seguridad hídrica Factores socioeconómicos Zonas rurales CIENCIAS SOCIALES

The Scaling Scan: Un outil pratique pour déterminer les opportunités et les défis liés à la mise à l’échelle soutenible des innovations

Lennart Woltering (2023, [Libro])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA INNOVATION ADOPTION SOCIAL INCLUSION ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SCALING UP

Modular ontology to support manufacturing SMEs toward industry 4.0

ZAIDA ANTONIETA MORA ALVAREZ OSCAR HERNANDEZ URIBE RAMON ALBERTO LUQUE MORALES LEONOR ADRIANA CARDENAS ROBLEDO (2023, [Artículo])

Industry 4.0 (I4.0) implementation is a hot topic among manufacturing organizations to reach smart factory status and integrate a fully connected ecosystem. Achieving such a transition presents notable challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) since they often face resource and skilled personnel limitations. This study developed a domain ontology to represent various stages of maturity toward I4.0 implementation. Ontology provides a tool for SMEs to self-assess in situations of machines, processes, and factories for the dimensions of control, integration, and intelligence. This study focused on the identification of classes and relationships according to I4.0 implementation situations in the context of a manufacturing setting, the reuse of ontologies related to the domain of observations to model situations, and the creation and validation of the ontology through the information obtained from the questionnaires applied to SMEs. Finally, the ontology delivers a tool to understand SMEs' current state concerning I4.0 implementation and plan based on informed decisions about the maturity state and the technology required to advance to the next stage in their manufacturing processes.

This study was partially supported by the grants CONAHCYT-CIATEQ CVU 899567 and 162867 and CONAHCYT SNI.

We express our gratitude to Teresa Novales Hernandez for the library support.

Domain ontology Industry 4.0 SMEs Smart factory SPARQL Semantic web INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Estudio de factibilidad ambiental, desarrollo sustentable, urbano, social y legal para el desarrollo de estrategias de penetración y mediación social que establezcan las bases para la adquisición de predios destinados a la construcción de los sistemas de humedales artificiales (SHA) para el saneamiento del aporte del río Amanalco a la presa Valle de Bravo, Estado de México

César Calderón Mólgora ARMANDO RIVAS HERNANDEZ ROBERTO ROMERO PEREZ (2018, [Documento de trabajo])

El objetivo del proyecto fue identificar, mediante un estudio social y legal, la factibilidad de adquirir los predios donde se implementarán los sistemas de humedales artificiales (SHA), así como determinar los posibles impactos sociales asociados a su construcción, operación y mantenimiento para proponer estrategias de mitigación y lograr la aceptación por parte de las comunidades.

Humedales Participación comunitaria Factores socioeconómicos Aspectos legales Estudios de factibilidad CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Genetic diversity and population structure of African sorghum (sorghum bicolor L. moench) accessions assessed through single nucleotide polymorphisms markers

Hussein Shimelis Baloua Nébié Chris Ojiewo Abhishek Rathore (2023, [Artículo])

Heterotic Grouping Breeding Population Development Marker-Assisted Cultivar Development CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA POPULATION STRUCTURE GENE FLOW SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS SORGHUM BICOLOR BREEDING PROGRAMMES

Population genetic structure of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, in southern Mexico

Michael Jones Martha Willcox (2023, [Artículo])

Maize Weevil Genetic Structure CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURAL WORKERS FILTRATION GENE FLOW MAIZE SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS CURCULIONIDAE