Las células de las plantas también reciclan

Alexis Iván Cadena Ramos VERONICA LIMONES BRIONES Clelia de la Peña Seaman (2023, [Artículo])

Al escuchar la palabra reciclaje, probablemente pensamos en acciones como reutilizar botellas, bolsas, latas o cristales buscando obtener nuevos productos o materias primas para ser utilizados en la producción de otros bienes. Para sorpresa de muchos, las plantas tienen la misma capacidad de reciclar; es como si las plantas se limpiaran a sí mismas para eliminar aquello que no les sirve y puedan obtener nuevos materiales para otras funciones. Este proceso de reciclaje en las células vegetales es conocido como “autofagia” y es vital para mantener la integridad y la salud de las plantas, así como permitir su aclimatación a los ambientes poco favorables.

AUTOFAGIA MUERTE CELULAR ORGANELOS VACUOLA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Physiological ecology of Mexican CAM plants: history, progress, and opportunities

Joel David Flores Rivas Oscar Briones Villareal JOSE LUIS ANDRADE (2022, [Artículo])

"In Mexico, plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) are part of the Mexican culture, have different uses and are even emblematic. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of the Mexican CAM plants has been studied physiologically. For this review, the following questions were considered: What ecophysiological studies have been conducted with CAM species native to Mexico? What ecophysiological processes in Mexican CAM plants are the most studied? What type of ecophysiological studies with CAM plants are still needed? A database of scientific studies on CAM plant species from Mexico was documented, including field and laboratory works for species widely distributed, and those studies made outside Mexico with Mexican species. Physiological processes were grouped as germination, photosynthesis, and water relations. Most studies were done for CAM species of Cactaceae, Bromeliaceae, Asparagaceae and Orchidaceae, andmost ecophysiological studies have been done on germination of cacti. Field and laboratory studies on photosynthesis and water relations were mostly for terrestrial cacti and epiphytic bromeliads. There were few physiological studies with CAM seedlings in Mexico and few studies using stable isotopes of water and carbon of CAM plants in the field. More field and laboratory studies of physiological responses and plasticity of CAM plants to multiple stress factors are required to model plant responses to global climate change. In general, more physiological studies are essential for all CAM species and for species of the genus Clusia, with C3-CAM and CAM members, which can become ecologically important under some climate change scenarios."

Asparagaceae Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Germination Photosynthesis Water relations Orchidaceae BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA)

Utilización de dispositivos inteligentes y aplicaciones móviles para tener un peso saludable

ANTONIO ACEVEDO BOGUER (2023, [Otro, Trabajo de grado, maestría])

La obesidad es un problema mundial que afecta la calidad de vida de las personas. Es la raíz de enfermedades como; la diabetes, la hipertensión y algunos tipos de cáncer. La educación y las políticas públicas son importantes, pero no suficientes. este documento presenta una comparación de aplicaciones móviles que junto al uso de dispositivos inteligentes aborda el tema del control del peso a través de la información del consumo y del gasto de calorías, así como rutinas de ejercicio y la alimentación dando como resultado una reducción en los niveles de obesidad en México.

Sobrepeso Obesidad Aplicaciones móviles Sistema de equivalencias Gasto de calorías INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES TECNOLOGÍA DE LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES

Rapid effects of marine reserves via larval dispersal

Richard Cudney Bueno (2009, [Artículo])

Marine reserves have been advocated worldwide as conservation and fishery management tools. It is argued that they can protect ecosystems and also benefit fisheries via density-dependent spillover of adults and enhanced larval dispersal into fishing areas. However, while evidence has shown that marine reserves can meet conservation targets, their effects on fisheries are less understood. In particular, the basic question of if and over what temporal and spatial scales reserves can benefit fished populations via larval dispersal remains unanswered. We tested predictions of a larval transport model for a marine reserve network in the Gulf of California, Mexico, via field oceanography and repeated density counts of recently settled juvenile commercial mollusks before and after reserve establishment. We show that local retention of larvae within a reserve network can take place with enhanced, but spatially-explicit, recruitment to local fisheries. Enhancement occurred rapidly (2 yrs), with up to a three-fold increase in density of juveniles found in fished areas at the downstream edge of the reserve network, but other fishing areas within the network were unaffected. These findings were consistent with our model predictions. Our findings underscore the potential benefits of protecting larval sources and show that enhancement in recruitment can be manifested rapidly. However, benefits can be markedly variable within a local seascape. Hence, effects of marine reserve networks, positive or negative, may be overlooked when only focusing on overall responses and not considering finer spatially-explicit responses within a reserve network and its adjacent fishing grounds. Our results therefore call for future research on marine reserves that addresses this variability in order to help frame appropriate scenarios for the spatial management scales of interest. © 2009 Cudney-Bueno et al.

article, environmental monitoring, fishery, larva, marine environment, marine species, Mexico, mollusc, nonhuman, oceanography, prediction, animal, biology, environmental protection, food industry, geography, growth, development and aging, larva, met CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Vibrissa growth rate in California sea lions based on environmental and isotopic oscillations

MARTHA PATRICIA ROSAS HERNANDEZ (2018, [Artículo])

Pinniped vibrissae provide information on changes in diet at seasonal and annual scales; however, species-specific growth patterns must first be determined in order to interpret these data. In this study, a simple linear model was used to estimate the growth rate of vibrissae from adult female California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) from San Esteban Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. The δ15N and δ13C values do not display a marked oscillatory pattern that would permit direct determination of the time period contained in each vibrissa; thus, time (age) was calculated in two ways: 1) based on the correlation between the observed number of peaks (Fourier series) in the δ15N profile and the length of each vibrissa, and 2) through direct comparison with the observed number of peaks in the δ15N profile. Cross-correlation confirmed that the two peaks in the δ15N profile reflected the two peaks in the chlorophyll-a concentration recorded annually around the island. The mean growth rate obtained from the correlation was 0.08 ± 0.01 mm d-1, while that calculated based on the observed number of peaks was 0.10 ± 0.05 mm d-1. Both are consistent with the rates reported for adult females of other otariid species (0.07 to 0.11 mm d-1). Vibrissa growth rates vary by individual, age, sex, and species; moreover, small differences in the growth rate can result in significant differences over the time periods represented by the isotopic signal. Thus, it is important to assess this parameter on a species-by-species basis. © 2018 Rosas-Hernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

carbon, nitrogen, animal, California, chemistry, diet, female, island (geological), Mexico, Otariidae, physiology, Animals, California, Carbon Isotopes, Diet, Female, Islands, Mexico, Nitrogen Isotopes, Sea Lions CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA

Optimización del proceso de estampado en la empresa Rivian: aplicación del método SMED

Diego Rodríguez Arroyo Luis Alberto Cáceres Díaz ISABEL PEREYRA LAGUNA (2023, [Artículo])

En la era actual, la industria automotriz se encuentra en un estado de transformación constante, impulsado principalmente por la rápida integración de tecnologías emergentes. Aquellas empresas que logran destacar son las que no sólo innovan en diseño y funcionalidad, sino también en la eficiencia productiva. Rivian, una prominente empresa estadounidense especializada en vehículos eléctricos destaca por sus audaces diseños y su compromiso con la sostenibilidad. No obstante, al adentrarse en el funcionamiento interno de sus plantas de producción, surgen ciertos desafíos. En particular, en las instalaciones de la planta de Rivian, se ha detectado que el proceso de estampado, esencial para modelar las piezas de acero de sus vehículos, representa un cuello de botella con gran área de oportunidad que requiere una pronta intervención debido al tiempo muerto que impacta a la producción, entre éstas, la alimentación del material a la prensa de estampado, donde actualmente existen muchas actividades manuales que ocasionan tiempo extra de operación, el cual se puede reducir mediante la automatización de algunas operaciones. En este artículo, se presenta un desarrollo detallado sobre la implementación y optimización del proceso en una prensa de estampado, utilizando la metodología intercambio de troqueles en un solo minuto (SMED por sus siglas en inglés) para maximizar y mejorar la eficiencia de los recursos y satisfacer la demanda de producción. A través de esta herramienta de Manufactura Esbelta, se aplican sistemáticamente las etapas y ciclos del SMED con el objetivo de realizar el cambio de modelo en una maquina en un tiempo objetivo de 12 minutos. Este trabajo de investigación describe una serie de desafíos y las soluciones implementadas en diferentes estaciones de la prensa, buscando incrementar su eficiencia y minimizar los riesgos para los operadores. Además, se enfoca en reducir el material defectuoso producido en la prensa, lo que contribuye a un aumento en la calidad y una disminución en los costos por unidad. Esto tuvo como resultado ahorros de miles de dólares en costos variables de la prensa.

In the current era, the automotive industry is in a state of constant transformation, caused primarily by the rapid integration of emerging technologies. Those companies that can stand out are those that not only innovate in design and functionality but also productive efficiency. Rivian, a prominent American company specializing in electric vehicles, is known for its bold designs and commitment to sustainability. However, when delving into the inner workings of your production plants, certain challenges arise. At the Rivian plant facilities, it has been detected that the stamping process, essential for modeling the steel parts of its vehicles, represents a bottleneck in the process with a large area of opportunity that requires prompt intervention due to high downtime in the press line that impacts production, specifically in the setting of material, there are a lot of manual operations that cause a lot of overtime that can be reduced with automated processes. In this article, a detailed development on the implementation and optimization of the process in a stamping press is presented, using the SMED methodology (Single Minute Exchange Die) to maximize and improve resource efficiency and meet production demand. Through this Lean Manufacturing tool, the stages, and cycles of the SMED are systematically applied to carry out the model change in a machine in a target time of 12 minutes. This research work describes a series of challenges and solutions implemented in different press stations, seeking to increase their efficiency and minimize the risks for operators. Additionally, it focuses on reducing defective material produced on the press, which contributes to an increase in quality and a decrease in unit costs. This resulted in savings of thousands of dollars in variable press costs.

El primer autor agradece el apoyo de CIATEQ y de la empresa y grupo de trabajo en Rivian, que con todo el análisis de datos y la instalación de las diversas mejoras siempre hubo el apoyo y la comunicación correcta como equipo de trabajo. Además de agradecer el gran apoyo del asesor el Dr. Luis Cáceres y la Dra. Isabel Pereyra por su constante retroalimentación y el fuerte apoyo durante estos meses de trabajo en este artículo sobre SMED, mejorando en el análisis y representación de datos ya que con los conocimientos y la experiencia de ambos se facilitó la realización y culminación de este proyecto. De igual manera los autores agradecen a la Revista Politécnica de Aguascalientes por permitir la publicación de este artículo.

Cambio de modelo SMED Automatización Optimización Technology stamping Automation SMED INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BLUE PHOSPHORENE CONSIDERING MANY-BODY EFFECTS

Juan Jose Nava (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

"The electronic band structure of blue phosphorene was obtained by using Density Functional Theory within the Generalized Gradient Approximation. It is observed, based on its band structure, that blue phosphorene shows a semiconducting nature, with an indirect band gap. The energy corrections to the bands were calculated in a specific set of k points within the irreducible Brillouin zone by employing the GW approximation and the complete quasiparticle band structure was determined by using maximally-localized Wannier functions. The excitonic spectrum is obtained and compared with both the independent-particle and GW optical response."

DFT Primeros principios BSE GW Función dieléctrica CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA ÓPTICA ÓPTICA

EFFICIENT FLUORESCENT AND PHOSPHORESCENT OLEDs BY SPIN COATING TECHNIQUE AND A NEW ANODE BASED ON CONDUCTIVE PEDOT:PSS

Luis Abraham Lozano Hernández (2020, [Tesis de doctorado])

"Fluorescent and phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) devices were fabricated by solution process and optimized. From their basic characterization (J-V-L curves, electroluminescence spectra) external quantum efficiency (EQE) was calculated. Two small molecule, carbazole derivatives (CZ-1 and CZ-2), previously reported and used for OLEDs showed very good luminances (~ 4000 cd/m2) and current densities (< 200 mA/cm2) resulting in a high EQE (9.5 %). Likewise, fluorescent OLEDs based in the new polymer PF-2F presented an acceptable performance even on a simple architecture with a good EQE (2.6 %), photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) about 1 and excellent properties of processability. The influence of its CF3 group in the optical, chemical, electronic and mechanical properties in OLEDs was determined.

Also, a new family of three fluorescent oligomers (BT-F32, BT-F42 and BT-F52) with excellent properties in solution, high PLQY (~1) and highly luminescent, were used in simple and multilayer OLEDs achieving a very high luminance (29 499 cd/m2). These oligomers have different chain lengths, which influence the device luminance, efficiency and their lifetime. Lifetime was monitored and the stretched exponential decay (SED) model was used in order to obtain the device half-life (LT50). Also, phosphorescent devices, based on a host/guest system (PVK:Ir(ppy)3), were prepared, the influence of the electron transport layer (ETL) into the electron/hole ratio was analyzed.

By using a new proposed method, a PEDOT:PSS anode was developed and applied in rigid and flexible substrates, with low sheet resistance (40 Ω/□) and acceptable transmittance (> 85%). This new proposed method consists in volume evaporation, in which basically the loss of water induces closeness among the conductive fractions of PEDOT. This PEDOT:PSS anode easy of fabricating following an economical procedure could be applied not just in OLEDs but in other optoelectronic devices such as organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), etc."

OLEDs Fluorescence Phosphorescence PEDOT:PSS Polymer Anode INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA ELECTRÓNICA DISPOSITIVOS SEMICONDUCTORES DISPOSITIVOS SEMICONDUCTORES

PERFILOMETRÍA LÁSER DE FORMA LIBRE PARA LA INSPECCIÓN DE TUBERÍAS Y RECONSTRUCCIONES CILÍNDRICAS EN 3D

Mario Montoya (2022, [Tesis de maestría])

"La inspección de infraestructura de tuberías es esencial en la gestión de su integridad para evitar formación de agentes corrosivos y prevenir fracturas. Sin embargo, los métodos actuales están limitados por baja resolución y bajo alcance físico de medición. En este trabajo, se establece un modelo teórico de propagación láser basado en perfilometría láser de forma libre. Además, incorpora un sistema láser totalmente funcional compuesto por un espejo cónico dentro del sistema óptico para recuperar la información de desplazamiento. El dispositivo óptico presenta alta resolución, precisión y velocidad de adquisición en comparación con tecnologías actuales."

Perfilometría Sensores Haz láser Inspección Emisión láser de superficie Tuberías CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA FÍSICA ÓPTICA LÁSERES LÁSERES

Chiva, cuete y cacharro: prácticas y representaciones del consumo de heroína en Hermosillo, Sonora.

RUBEN CARREON DIAZCONTI (2006, [Tesis de maestría])

CIENCIAS SOCIALES Heroína Opio Narcóticos