Women, economic resilience, gender norms in a time of climate change: what do we know?

Cathy Farnworth Anne Rietveld Rachel Voss Angela Meentzen (2023, [Artículo])

This literature delves into 82 research articles, published between 2016 and 2022, to develop a deep understanding of how women manage their lives and livelihoods within their agrifood systems when these systems are being affected, sometimes devastatingly, by climate change. The Findings show that four core gender norms affect the ability of women to achieve economic resilience in the face of climate change operate in agrifood production systems. Each of these gender norms speaks to male privilege: (i) Men are primary decision-makers, (ii) Men are breadwinners, (iii) Men control assets, and (iv) Men are food system actors. These gender norms are widely held and challenge women’s abilities to become economically resilient. These norms are made more powerful still because they fuse with each other and act on multiple levels, and they serve to support other norms which limit women’s scope to act. It is particularly noteworthy that many institutional actors, ranging from community decision-makers to development partners, tend to reinforce rather than challenge gender norms because they do not critically review their own assumptions.

However, the four gender norms cited are not hegemonic. First, there is limited and intriguing evidence that intersectional identities can influence women’s resilience in significant ways. Second, gender norms governing women’s roles and power in agrifood systems are changing in response to climate change and other forces, with implications for how women respond to future climate shocks. Third, paying attention to local realities is important – behaviours do not necessarily substantiate local norms. Fourth, women experience strong support from other women in savings groups, religious organisations, reciprocal labour, and others. Fifth, critical moments, such as climate disasters, offer potentially pivotal moments of change which could permit women unusually high levels of agency to overcome restrictive gender norms without being negatively sanctioned. The article concludes with recommendations for further research.

Economic Resilience Intersectional Identities Women Groups Support CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ECONOMICS RESILIENCE CLIMATE CHANGE GENDER NORMS AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS WOMEN

Re-establishment of the genus Pseudalbizzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade): the New World species formerly placed in Albizia

GABRIELA AVILES PERAZA Erik Koenen Ricarda Riina Colin Hughes Jens Ringelberg GERMAN CARNEVALI FERNANDEZ CONCHA Ivón Mercedes Ramírez Morillo Lilia Lorena Can Itza Iván Tamayo-Cen Jorge Humberto Ramírez Prado Xavier Cornejo Sawai Mattapha RODRIGO STEFANO DUNO (2022, [Artículo])

Following recent mimosoid phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies demonstrating the non-monophyly of the genus Albizia, we present a new molecular phylogeny focused on the neotropical species in the genus, with much denser taxon sampling than previous studies. Our aims were to test the monophyly of the neotropical section Arthrosamanea, resolve species relationships, and gain insights into the evolution of fruit morphology. We perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences of nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer regions and trace the evolution of fruit dehiscence and lomentiform pods. Our results find further support for the non-monophyly of the genus Albizia, and confirm the previously proposed segregation of

Hesperalbizia, Hydrochorea, Balizia and Pseudosamanea. All species that were sampled from section Arthrosamanea form a clade that is sister to a clade composed of Jupunba, Punjuba, Balizia and Hydrochorea. We find that lomentiform fruits are independently derived from indehiscent septate fruits in both Hydrochorea and section Arthrosamanea. Our results show that morphological adaptations to hydrochory, associated with shifts into seasonally flooded habitats, have occurred several times independently in different geographic areas and different lineages within the ingoid clade. This suggests that environmental conditions have likely played a key role in the evolution of fruit types in Albizia and related genera. We resurrect the name Pseudalbizzia to accommodate the species of section Arthrosamanea, except for two species that were not sampled here but have been shown in other studies to be more closely related to other ingoid genera and we restrict the name Albizia s.s. to the species from Africa, Madagascar, Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Twenty-one new nomenclatural combinations in Pseudalbizzia are proposed, including 16 species and 5 infraspecific varietal names. In addition to the type species Pseudalbizzia berteroana, the genus has 17 species distributed across tropical regions of the Americas, including the Caribbean. Finally, a new infrageneric classification into five sections is proposed and a distribution map of the species of Pseudalbizzia is presented.

ARTHROSAMANEA HYDROCHORY MONOPHYLY NEOTROPICS PHYLOGENY TAXONOMY BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) TAXONOMÍA VEGETAL TAXONOMÍA VEGETAL

Detección de comportamiento no verbal en interacción humano-robot

Detection of non-verbal behavior in human-robot interaction

Ernesto Adrián Lozano De la Parra (2023, [Tesis de maestría])

La comunicación no verbal desempeña un papel vital en la interacción humana. En el contexto de la interacción humano-robot (IHR), los robots sociales están diseñados principalmente para la comunicación verbal con los humanos, dejando a la comunicación no verbal como un área de investigación abierta. En este trabajo, se presenta una arquitectura flexible y abierta llamada Software Arquitechture for Nonverbal Interaction in Human-Robot Interaction (SANI-HRI) diseñada para facilitar las interacciones no verbales en IHR. Entre sus componentes se encuentra un Cuaderno Computacional P2P basado en navegador web, aprovechado para codificar, ejecutar y compartir programas reactivos. Pueden incluirse modelos de aprendizaje automático para el reconocimiento en tiempo real de gestos, poses y estados de ´animo, empleando protocolos como MQTT. Otro componente clave es un Broker para distribuir datos entre distintos dispositivos físicos, como robots, dispositivos vestibles y sensores ambientales, así como modelos de aprendizaje automático que comprendan diferentes tipos de datos. Se demuestra la utilidad de esta arquitectura mediante tres escenarios de interacción: (i) el primero que emplea la proxémica y la dirección de la mirada para iniciar un encuentro improvisado, (ii) un segundo que utiliza técnicas de visión por computadora para detectar y analizar expresiones faciales y corporales, así como el uso sensores biométricos para obtener datos de ritmo cardiaco durante una rutina de ejercicio, y (iii) un tercero que incorpora el reconocimiento de objetos y Modelos de Lenguaje Grandes para sugerir comidas a cocinar en función de los ingredientes disponibles. Estos escenarios ilustran cómo los componentes de la arquitectura pueden integrarse para abordar nuevos escenarios, en los que los robots necesitan inferir señales no verbales de los usuarios.

Nonverbal communication plays a vital role in human interaction. In the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), social robots are designed primarily for verbal-based communication with humans, making nonverbal communication an open research area. We present a flexible, open framework called Software Architecture for Nonverbal Interaction in Human-Robot Interaction (SANI-HRI) designed to facilitate nonverbal interactions in HRI. Among its components it has a P2P Browser-Based Computational Notebook, leveraged to code, run, and share reactive programs. Machine-learning models can be included for real-time recognition of gestures, poses, and moods, employing protocols such as MQTT. Another key component is a broker for distributing data among different physical devices like the robot, wearables, and environmental sensors and also machine learning models. We demonstrate this framework’s utility through three interaction scenarios: (i) the first one employing proxemics and gaze direction to initiate an impromptu encounter, (ii) a second that uses computer vision techniques to detect and analyze facial and body expressions, as well as the use of biometric sensors to obtain heart rate data during a workout routine, and (iii) a third one incorporating object recognition and a Large-Language Model to suggest meals to be cooked based on available ingredients. These scenarios illustrate how the framework’s components can be seamlessly integrated to address new scenarios, where robots need to infer nonverbal cues from users.

Interacción humano-robot, Comunicación no verbal, Broker MQTT, Notebook computacional, Modelos linguísticos grandes, SANI-HRI Human-robot interaction, Nonverbal communication, Broker MQTT, Computational notebook, Large language models, SANI-HRI INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS TECNOLOGÍA DE LOS ORDENADORES SISTEMAS DE RECONOCIMIENTO DE CARACTERES SISTEMAS DE RECONOCIMIENTO DE CARACTERES

Como las redes sociales contribuyen al conocimiento de la sistemática de plantas

RODRIGO STEFANO DUNO GERMAN CARNEVALI FERNANDEZ CONCHA (2022, [Artículo])

La ciencia y la sistemática, en particular, se han beneficiado enormemente de la tecnología. Pregúntele a cualquier amante de la naturaleza y de la fotografía, el cambio que significó la llegada de las cámaras digitales en sustitución de las cámaras convencionales. Hoy deseamos destacar otra novedad tecnológica, no menos tangible, y de enorme repercusión mundial; las redes sociales. En este breve texto presentaremos casos concretos de cómo las redes sociales pueden ser una herramienta fundamental para incrementar el conocimiento de la diversidad biológica.

APOCYNACEAE DROSERACEAE FACEBOOK NATURALISTA NOVEDADES TAXONOMICAS REDES SOCIALES BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Se necesitan tres para bailar tango: los retos de la reproducción en plantas

Ivón Mercedes Ramírez Morillo NESTOR EDUARDO RAIGOZA FLORES ALBERTO ENRIQUE ESCUDERO AZCORRA Tanit Toledano Thompson (2022, [Artículo])

La reproducción en plantas con flores involucra óvulos, polen y una exitosa fecundación. Esto implica que el polen, contenido en las anteras, debe liberarse y llegar al ovario, donde se encuentran los óvulos a la espera de ser fecundados. Siendo las plantas organismos sésiles, ¿cómo llega el polen a los óvulos? Veamos quien es el tercero que se necesita para bailar tango.

FECUNDACION NECTAR POLINIZADOR SINDROME DE POLINIZACION BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Multi-modal deep learning improves grain yield prediction in wheat breeding by fusing genomics and phenomics

Xu Wang Sandesh Kumar Shrestha Philomin Juliana Suchismita Mondal Francisco Pinto Govindan Velu Leonardo Abdiel Crespo Herrera JULIO HUERTA_ESPINO Ravi Singh Jesse Poland (2023, [Artículo])

New Crop Varieties Plant Breeding Programs Yield Prediction CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA LEARNING GRAIN YIELDS WHEAT BREEDING FOOD SECURITY

Estado actual de las poblaciones de Lonchocarpus sanctuarii (Fabaceae) en Honduras

JOEL A. ORTEGA CESIA B. FLORES (2023, [Artículo])

Lonchocarpus sanctuarii, cono- cido popularmente como “chaperno negro’’ es un árbol nativo de Mesoamérica que se distribuye en México, El Sal- vador, Honduras y Nicara- gua. Esta especie habita en fragmentos de bosque seco subtropical y húmedo sub- tropical, y en Honduras se encuentran en el municipio Distrito Central y sus mayo- res amenazas son las expan- siones urbanas. Se realizaron giras de campo a tres sitios de las cinco poblaciones registra- das: UNAH-CU, Residencial La Cañada y la Colonia Hato de Enmedio. La mayoría de los individuos son brinzales (jóvenes) y las especies nati- vas con distribución restringi- da como L. sanctuarii son esenciales para mantener un equilibrio ecológico.

ADULTOS ABUNDANCIA BRINZALES DISTRIBUCIÓN HABITAT POBLACION NATIVA BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

Shopping for Ecological Indices? On the Use of Incidence-Based Species Compositional Similarity Measures

IAN MACGREGOR FORS FEDERICO ESCOBAR SARRIA JUAN FERNANDO ESCOBAR IBAÑEZ NATALIA MESA SIERRA FREDY ALEXANDER ALVARADO ROBERTO Rafael Rueda Hernández CLAUDIA ELIZABETH MORENO ORTEGA Ina Falfán ERICK JOAQUIN CORRO MENDEZ Eduardo Octavio Pineda Arredondo Amandine Bourg JOSE LUIS AGUILAR LOPEZ (2022, [Artículo])

"β-diversity has been under continuous debate, with a current need to better understand the way in which a new wave of measures work. We assessed the results of 12 incidence-based β-diversity indices. Our results of gradual species composition overlap between paired assemblages considering progressive differences in species richness show the following: (i) four indices (β-2, β-3, β-3.s, and βr) should be used cautiously given that results with no shared species retrieve results that could be misinterpreted; (ii) all measures conceived specifically as partitioned components of species compositional dissimilarities ought to be used as such and not as independent measures per se; (iii) the non-linear response of some indices to gradual species composition overlap should be interpreted carefully, and further analysis using their results as dependent variables should be performed cautiously; and (iv) two metrics (βsim and βsor) behave predictably and linearly to gradual species composition overlap. We encourage ecologists using measures of β-diversity to fully understand their mathematical nature and type of results under the scenario to be used in order to avoid inappropriate and misleading inferences."

Beta diversity Nestedness Replacement Richness difference Species turnover BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

MLN disease diagnostics, MLN disease-free seed production and MLN disease management

Suresh L.M. (2022, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA DISEASES DISEASE MANAGEMENT SEED PRODUCTION MAIZE NECROSIS YIELD LOSSES ECONOMIC IMPACT SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS TRAINING

Effect of antimicrobial nanocomposites on Vibrio cholerae lifestyles: Pellicle biofilm, planktonic and surface-attached biofilm

ANAID MEZA VILLEZCAS (2019, [Artículo])

Vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen causing intestinal disease with a high incidence in developing countries. V. cholerae can switch between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles. Biofilm formation is determinant for transmission, virulence and antibiotic resistance. Due to the enhanced antibiotic resistance observed by bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial nanomaterials have been used to combat infections by stopping bacterial growth and preventing biofilm formation. In this study, the effect of the nanocomposites zeolite-embedded silver (Ag), copper (Cu), or zinc (Zn) nanoparticles (NPs) was evaluated in V. cholerae planktonic cells, and in two biofilm states: pellicle biofilm (PB), formed between air-liquid interphase, and surface-attached biofilm (SB), formed at solid-liquid interfaces. Each nanocomposite type had a distinctive antimicrobial effect altering each V. cholerae lifestyles differently. The ZEO-AgNPs nanocomposite inhibited PB formation at 4 μg/ml, and prevented SB formation and eliminated planktonic cells at 8 μg/ml. In contrast, the nanocomposites ZEO-CuNPs and ZEO-ZnNPs affect V. cholerae viability but did not completely avoid bacterial growth. At transcriptional level, depending on the nanoparticles and biofilm type, nanocomposites modified the relative expression of the vpsL, rbmA and bap1, genes involved in biofilm formation. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the outer membrane proteins OmpT, OmpU, OmpA and OmpW also differs among treatments in PB and SB. This work provides a basis for further study of the nanomaterials effect at structural, genetic and proteomic levels to understand the response mechanisms of V. cholerae against metallic nanoparticles. © 2019 Meza-Villezcas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

bacterial protein, copper nanoparticle, nanocomposite, OmpT protein, OmpU protein, OmpW protein, outer membrane protein A, silver nanoparticle, unclassified drug, zeolite, zinc nanoparticle, antiinfective agent, copper, metal nanoparticle, nanocompos BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA MICROBIOLOGÍA MICROBIOLOGÍA