Institutionalization of leftist utopias in Latin America: a case study

Guillem Compte Nunes (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Faced with popular dissatisfaction with liberal-capitalist democracy, at the beginning of the 21st century there is a governmental shift to the left in Latin America, in which Mexico is recently participating, with the arrival of the Morena party to power. The social movements that promote these political projects convey leftist utopias that seek to institutionalize themselves in political systems and public policies. However, this process of utopian institutionalization presents tensions and contradictions within the so-called party-movements. In this paper I present a methodological proposal for utopian analysis, which I apply to the “Colectivo La Calle”, a group that is part of the lopezobradorista movement in Mexico. I analyze three utopias mediated by this group and find that indeed the Colectivo is mobilizing against Morena’s pragmatism. This result adds to previous literature, which, given contemporary governmental experiences, questions the ability of the Latin American institutional left to overcome conservative hegemony.

utopía lopezobradorismo México acción colectiva Morena CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES Utopia Mexico collective action

Impacto del cambio climático en la calidad del agua en México

NORMA RAMIREZ SALINAS Camilo Vázquez Bustos (2011, [Documento de trabajo])

TC0872.4

Tabla de contenido: Introducción -- Objetivos -- Antecedentes -- Detección de impactos en la calidad del agua en México -- Adaptación -- Efectos del cambio climático en la calidad del agua y su incidencia en la gestión de gobierno.

Este informe presenta un análisis de los posibles impactos que el cambio climático puede inducir a la

calidad del agua en México, con base en la bibliografía nacional e internacional hasta el momento

reportada sobre el tema. Se estudian algunos aspectos de calidad del agua que pueden ser

modificados por consecuencia del cambio climático, tales como: incremento en la temperatura del

agua, disminución de la solubilidad del oxígeno, cambios en los procesos de nitrificación y

eutroficación, así como los problemas que enfrentaran los responsables de los sistemas operadores

de agua potable.

Introducción -- Objetivos -- Antecedentes -- Detección de impactos en la calidad del agua en México -- Adaptación -- Efectos del cambio climático en la calidad del agua y su incidencia en la gestión de gobierno.

Cambio climático Calidad del agua Impacto ambiental Informes de proyectos México INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA

Facilidades y barreras sociales para el ejercicio del derecho humano al agua en México

RICARDO VICTOR LOPEZ MERA JOSE LUIS MARTINEZ RUIZ (2014, [Documento de trabajo])

Este proyecto tuvo como fin estudiar, analizar, debatir y proponer soluciones a los problemas de abastecimiento y calidad de agua en el país.

Derecho humano al agua Legislación ambiental Congresos Informes de proyectos México CIENCIAS SOCIALES

La diversidad funcional en el calichal yucateco: una estrategia que permite entender su riqueza desde una perspectiva ecológica

Mayte Aguilar RODRIGO STEFANO DUNO DIEGO FRANCISCO ANGULO PEREZ (2022, [Artículo])

La huella ecológica y el impacto de las acciones humanas han afectado gravemente los ecosistemas y estamos lejos de entender la complejidad que contienen, así como el papel de las especies que los integran. Este ensayo ilustra la diversidad funcional como una estrategia crítica a los estudios de biodiversidad, ya que nos permite entender la riqueza desde una perspectiva ecológica y evolutiva. Es urgente conocer nuestros ecosistemas para establecer estrategias de conservación eficaces, y la diversidad funcional representa una herramienta útil para lograr dicho objetivo.

ADAPTACION ECOLOGICA COMUNIDAD FILTROS AMBIENTALES RASGOS FUNCIONALES MEXICO YUCATAN BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL ECOLOGÍA VEGETAL

The national drought policy in Mexico

Felipe Ignacio Arreguín Cortés Mario Lopez Perez David Ortega Gaucin (2016, [Artículo])

Traditionally, drought effects in Mexico have been attended through governmental reactive efforts directed to provide water and food, to assure health protection, and to restore economic impact once the phenomena occurred. The Mexican Government through National Water Commission (CONAGUA, for its acronym in Spanish), interested in changing the paradigm for preventive actions to cope with droughts in Mexico in the past, decided to launch in 2013 the National Program Against Drought (PRONACOSE, for its acronym in Spanish) and created the Intersecretarial Commission on Droughts and Floods (CIASI, for its acronym in Spanish) to take charge of coordinating, implementing and following-up of the PRONACOSE. This program has its main focus on reducing vulnerability through the implementation of planned preventive actions under a comprehensive and participative approach. As key part of the program, Programmes of Preventive and Mitigation Drought Measures (PMPMS, for its acronym in Spanish) for each one of the 26 river basin councils established in the country and for the principal cities of Mexico were developed. These programmes include the measures that can be implemented within the river basin councils and the cities to cope with drought in three ways: before the phenomenon occurs (strategic measures), when it is starting (tactical measures) or when it is already happening (emergency measures). Also, since 2014, the National Meteorological Service (SMN, for its acronym in Spanish) releases timely alerts and monitors the evolution of the drought including affected areas and level of severity of the phenomenon at a basin, state and municipality level. It is noteworthy that in all these activities the Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA, for its acronym in Spanish) has played an important role, as this institute has provided the necessary technical support for the designing and implementation of the PRONACOSE. It is concluded that drought risk cannot be fully eliminated, nevertheless the actions that are implemented as part of this program are useful to mitigate its effects.

Sequías Políticas públicas México CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Detección de la tendencia local del cambio de la temperatura en México

RENE LOBATO SANCHEZ MIGUEL ANGEL ALTAMIRANO DEL CARMEN (2017, [Artículo])

Registros de temperatura indican que tres de cada cuatro estaciones climáticas evaluadas en México señalan un calentamiento en el periodo 1950-2013, tomando como referencia al periodo base 1961-1990. Después de un análisis completo de registros climáticos en México, se determinó que solamente 112 registros cumplen con la calidad y estándares requeridos para el presente estudio, de ahí se seleccionó, de forma aleatoria, un subconjunto de 20 estaciones con tendencia positiva, representativas de entornos rurales y urbanos, distribuidas en las regiones de México. Se identificó que el periodo más reciente de calentamiento intenso inicia por lo general a mediados de la década de 1970, lo cual es congruente con la señal identificada por el Panel Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático para la temperatura media global. En las zonas rurales se observa un desfase de hasta 10 años en el inicio del periodo reciente de calentamiento en comparación con zonas urbanas para una misma región del país. El calentamiento y la diferencia entre periodos cálidos y fríos son mayor, regularmente, en áreas urbanas en comparación con las rurales.

Cambio climático Temperatura ambiental Determinación México CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Apps, educación y patrimonio en México. Análisis de situación y estudio comparativo con el caso español

URSULA LUNA PEDRO JOSE CANTO HERRERA ALFREDO ZAPATA GONZALEZ ALEX IBANEZ-ETXEBERRIA (2020, [Artículo])

Este trabajo analiza desde un punto de vista educativo la oferta de apps en torno al patrimonio mexicano. Tras realizar una pequeña revisión de la situación del patrimonio en México y de la implementación de tecnologías digitales, especialmente apps, en el mismo, se hace un breve repaso al estado de la cuestión de la evaluación de apps de contenido patrimonial desde el punto de vista educativo. El estudio, de carácter descriptivo, se realiza desde la perspectiva del estudio de programas siguiendo el método OEPE adaptado al caso de las apps. Los resultados del análisis de la muestra final de 45 apps, muestran similitudes con el contexto español en cuanto a una baja cantidad de apps patrimoniales que puedan considerarse educativas, con escasa atención a la accesibilidad y sin adaptación a diferente tipología de público, prevaleciendo los contenidos y sin un diseño didáctico adecuado. Las diferencias principales se centran en los desarrolladores de apps, que en México son las empresas que crean contenidos dirigidos al turismo, frente a las administraciones públicas y museos en España que ofrecen un discurso patrimonial diverso. Sin embargo, en ambos países encontramos una necesidad de desarrollar apps de calidad que favorezcan su uso educativo.

HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA App Educación patrimonial Patrimonio Aprendizaje México

Addressing agricultural labour issues is key to biodiversity-smart farming

Thomas Daum Frédéric Baudron Matin Qaim Ingo Grass (2023, [Artículo])

There is an urgent need for agricultural development strategies that reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. This is especially true in the Global South where population growth is rapid and much of the world's remaining biodiversity is located. Combining conceptual thoughts with empirical insights from case studies in Indonesia and Ethiopia, we argue that such strategies will have to pay more attention to agricultural labour dynamics. Farmers have a strong motivation to reduce the heavy toil associated with farming by adopting technologies that save labour but can negatively affect biodiversity. Labour constraints can also prevent farmers from adopting technologies that improve biodiversity but increase labour intensity. Without explicitly accounting for labour issues, conservation efforts can hardly be successful. We hence highlight the need for biodiversity-smart agriculture, that is farming practices or systems that reconcile biodiversity with land and labour productivity. Our empirical insights suggest that technological and institutional options to reconcile farmers' socio-economic goals and biodiversity conservation exist but that more needs to be done to implement such options at scale.

Land Sharing Trade-Offs CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LABOUR SUSTAINABILITY

Physiological ecology of Mexican CAM plants: history, progress, and opportunities

Joel David Flores Rivas Oscar Briones Villareal JOSE LUIS ANDRADE (2022, [Artículo])

"In Mexico, plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) are part of the Mexican culture, have different uses and are even emblematic. Unfortunately, only a small fraction of the Mexican CAM plants has been studied physiologically. For this review, the following questions were considered: What ecophysiological studies have been conducted with CAM species native to Mexico? What ecophysiological processes in Mexican CAM plants are the most studied? What type of ecophysiological studies with CAM plants are still needed? A database of scientific studies on CAM plant species from Mexico was documented, including field and laboratory works for species widely distributed, and those studies made outside Mexico with Mexican species. Physiological processes were grouped as germination, photosynthesis, and water relations. Most studies were done for CAM species of Cactaceae, Bromeliaceae, Asparagaceae and Orchidaceae, andmost ecophysiological studies have been done on germination of cacti. Field and laboratory studies on photosynthesis and water relations were mostly for terrestrial cacti and epiphytic bromeliads. There were few physiological studies with CAM seedlings in Mexico and few studies using stable isotopes of water and carbon of CAM plants in the field. More field and laboratory studies of physiological responses and plasticity of CAM plants to multiple stress factors are required to model plant responses to global climate change. In general, more physiological studies are essential for all CAM species and for species of the genus Clusia, with C3-CAM and CAM members, which can become ecologically important under some climate change scenarios."

Asparagaceae Bromeliaceae Cactaceae Germination Photosynthesis Water relations Orchidaceae BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA CIENCIAS DE LA VIDA BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA) BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL (BOTÁNICA)

Maintenance of Coastal Surface Blooms by Surface Temperature Stratification and Wind Drift

MARY CARMEN RUIZ DE LA TORRE (2013, [Artículo])

Algae blooms are an increasingly recurrent phenomenon of potentially socio-economic impact in coastal waters globally and in the coastal upwelling region off northern Baja California, Mexico. In coastal upwelling areas the diurnal wind pattern is directed towards the coast during the day. We regularly found positive Near Surface Temperature Stratification (NSTS), the resulting density stratification is expected to reduce the frictional coupling of the surface layer from deeper waters and allow for its more efficient wind transport. We propose that the net transport of the top layer of approximately 2.7 kilometers per day towards the coast helps maintain surface blooms of slow growing dinoflagellate such as Lingulodinium polyedrum. We measured: near surface stratification with a free-rising CTD profiler, trajectories of drifter buoys with attached thermographs, wind speed and direction, velocity profiles via an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Chlorophyll and cell concentration from water samples and vertical migration using sediment traps. The ADCP and drifter data agree and show noticeable current shear within the first meters of the surface where temperature stratification and high cell densities of L. polyedrum were found during the day. Drifters with 1m depth drogue moved towards the shore, whereas drifters at 3 and 5 m depth showed trajectories parallel or away from shore. A small part of the surface population migrated down to the sea floor during night thus reducing horizontal dispersion. The persistent transport of the surface bloom population towards shore should help maintain the bloom in favorable environmental conditions with high nutrients, but also increasing the potential socioeconomic impact of the blooms. The coast wise transport is not limited to blooms but includes all dissolved and particulate constituents in surface waters. © 2013 Ruiz-de la Torre et al.

chlorophyll, algal bloom, article, cell count, cell density, coastal waters, controlled study, dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedrum, meteorological phenomena, Mexico, near surface temperature stratification, nonhuman, nutrient concentration, popul CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Y DEL ESPACIO OCEANOGRAFÍA OCEANOGRAFÍA