Análisis de toxicidad en el agua

YOLANDA PICA GRANADOS (2003, [Libro])

A través de este manual el usuario será orientado en los aspectos técnicos y científicos vinculados al desarrollo de pruebas de toxicidad e iniciado en el conocimiento de los métodos disponibles adoptados por la normatividad nacional y sus formas de aplicación. También será introducido en las formas de manejo de la información que surge del empleo de las pruebas de toxicidad, en las estrategias de seguimiento para la inspección de calidad de resultados y criterios de clasificación y elementos interpretativos.

Aguas residuales Toxicidad BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA

Genetic variability for aluminium tolerance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Subhash Chander Ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira (2022, [Artículo])

Characterization Variability CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ALUMINIUM TOXICITY STRESS SUNFLOWERS GENETIC VARIATION

High Throughput-Phenotyping at CIMMYT: Experiences and needs

Francisco Pinto (2021, [Objeto de congreso])

CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA BREEDING PROGRAMMES GENETIC GAIN CROSS-BREEDING TECHNOLOGY YIELD POTENTIAL FIELD EXPERIMENTATION

Rainfall water quality at Atlixco, Puebla

Margarita Teutli Andrés Armando Sánchez Erendira Moreno Gutierrez (2021, [Artículo, Artículo])

This work reports the follow up of rainfall water quality at Atlixco, Puebla during the 2018 season. The main objective of this work was to evaluate how height and pollutants define the quality of water precipitated. Samples were collected at the roof of a house in Atlixco center, and others at the roof of a convent located at the San Miguel Hill, this represents a 44 m difference in height. Chemical composition was analyzed for 19 physicochemical parameters using gravimetric and spectrophotometric techniques. Obtained results were compared with drinking water standards finding that Pb and Cd contents are exceeded. Also, it was found a strong contribution of terrestrial sources since the marine rates are above unit, as well as excess concentrations whose values go from negative to positive. Finally, Pearson correlation was obtained finding that most of chemical parameters correlations are in disagreement for both sites, fact which confirms that ionic content is strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources.

rainfall ionic content marine rates excess concentrations Lluvia contenido iónico cociente marino concentración en exceso Estudios urbanos CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA

Variation of the ferulic acid concentration and kernel weight in CIMMYT bread wheat germplasm and selection of lines for functional food production

Wenfei Tian Maria Itria Ibba Govindan Velu Shuanghe Cao Zhonghu He (2024, [Artículo])

CIMMYT Germplasm CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA GERMPLASM FERULIC ACID FUNCTIONAL FOODS PHYTOCHEMICALS YIELD POTENTIAL WHEAT FOOD PRODUCTION

Validación del potencial antioxidante de citrus aurantium en Tabasco, México

Validation of the antioxidant potential of citrus aurantium in Tabasco, Mexico

CLAUDINA VILLARREAL MARIA TERESA CADENAS GONZALEZ Francisca Méndez Morales GLORIA IVETTE BOLIO LÓPEZ Manuel Mateo Hernández Villegas Nidia Elena Rivera DAMIANYS ALMENARES LOPEZ Catalina Rivas Morales (2023, [Artículo])

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), comúnmente conocida como naranja amarga, posee múltiples potenciales terapéuticos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo experimental con el objetivo de conocer las características del consumo de C. aurantium (CA) en población tabasqueña. Para validar su uso, se preparó un extracto etanólico (85 %) de las hojas secas de CA y se realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, con posterior cuantificación del contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales. Posteriormente se determinó actividad antioxidante por el ensayo DPPH y toxicidad aguda con Artemia Salina. Las partes más empleadas de la planta son las hojas para aliviar dolores musculares, síntomas de resfriados. En el estudio fitoquímico se encontraron que el extracto contiene alcaloides, flavonoides, cumarinas, quinonas y taninos. En la cromatografía de capa fina del extracto hidroalcohólico se demostró la presencia de la naringina. Se obtuvo un contenido de fenoles totales de 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g MS y de flavonoides totales de 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g MS. Contiene actividad antioxidante de 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS y el ensayo de toxicidad aguda demostró una toxicidad moderada. Los resultados evidencian que el extracto etanólico al 85 % contiene compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides, permitiendo sostener las propiedades medicinales y farmacológicas conferidas a la planta en el estado de Tabasco.

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, has multiple therapeutic potentials. An experimental qualitative study was carried out with the objective of knowing the characteristics of the consumption of C. aurantium (CA) in the Tabasco population. To validate its use, an ethanolic extract (85 %) was prepared from the dry CA leaves and phytochemical screening was performed, with subsequent quantification of the content of total phenols and flavonoids. Subsequently, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and acute toxicity with Artemia salina. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves to relieve muscle pain, cold symptoms. In the phytochemical study it was found that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones and tannins. In the thin layer chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract, the presence of naringin was demonstrated. A total phenol content of 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g DM and total flavonoids of 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g DM were obtained. It contains antioxidant activity of 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS and the acute toxicity test showed moderate toxicity. The results show that the 85% ethanolic extract contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, allowing to sustain the medicinal and pharmacological properties conferred to the plant in the state of Tabasco.Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from C. aurantium leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses.

Contribución por autor: DAL: diseño, escritura y revisión del documento, MTCG, MMHV, GIBL, NERL, FMM, ECVI, CRM: asesoría, escritura y revisión del documento.

Financiación o fondos: El presente estudio no conto con ningún apoyo financiero, todo fue con recurso propio de los investigadores.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de intereses.

Contribución por autor: DAL: diseño, escritura y revisión del documento, MTCG, MMHV, GIBL, NERL, FMM, ECVI, CRM: asesoría, escritura y revisión del documento.

Financiación o fondos: El presente estudio no conto con ningún apoyo financiero, todo fue con recurso propio de los investigadores.

Citrus aurantium Antioxidante Fenoles Flavonoides Toxicidad aguda Citrus aurantium Antioxidant Phenol Flavonoids Acute toxicity INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Catching-up with genetic progress: Simulation of potential production for modern wheat cultivars in the Netherlands

João Vasco Silva Frits K. Van Evert Pytrik Reidsma (2023, [Artículo])

Context: Wheat crop growth models from all over the world have been calibrated on the Groot and Verberne (1991) data set, collected between 1982 and 1984 in the Netherlands, in at least 28 published studies to date including various recent ones. However, the recent use of this data set for calibration of potential yield is questionable as actual Dutch winter wheat yields increased by 3.1 Mg ha-1 over the period 1984 – 2015. A new comprehensive set of winter wheat experiments, suitable for crop model calibration, was conducted in Wageningen during the growing seasons of 2013–2014 and of 2014–2015. Objective: The present study aimed to quantify the change of winter wheat variety traits between 1984 and 2015 and to examine which of the identified traits explained the increase in wheat yield most. Methods: PCSE-LINTUL3 was calibrated on the Groot and Verberne data (1991) set. Next, it was evaluated on the 2013–2015 data set. The model was further recalibrated on the 2013–2015 data set. Parameter values of both calibrations were compared. Sensitivity analysis was used to assess to what extent climate change, elevated CO2, changes in sowing dates, and changes in cultivar traits could explain yield increases. Results: The estimated reference light use efficiency and the temperature sum from anthesis to maturity were higher in 2013–2015 than in 1982–1984. PCSE-LINTUL3, calibrated on the 1982–1984 data set, underestimated the yield potential of 2013–2015. Sensitivity analyses showed that about half of the simulated winter wheat yield increase between 1984 and 2015 in the Netherlands was explained by elevated CO2 and climate change. The remaining part was explained by the increased temperature sum from anthesis to maturity and, to a smaller extent, by changes in the reference light use efficiency. Changes in sowing dates, biomass partitioning fractions, thermal requirements for anthesis, and biomass reallocation did not explain the yield increase. Conclusion: Recalibration of PCSE-LINTUL3 was necessary to reproduce the high wheat yields currently obtained in the Netherlands. About half of the reported winter wheat yield increase was attributed to climate change and elevated CO2. The remaining part of the increase was attributed to changes in the temperature sum from anthesis to maturity and, to a lesser extent, the reference light use efficiency. Significance: This study systematically addressed to what extent changes in various cultivar traits, climate change, and elevated CO2 can explain the winter wheat yield increase observed in the Netherlands between 1984 and 2015.

Light Use Efficiency Potential Yield CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA CROP MODELLING LIGHT PHENOLOGY MAXIMUM SUSTAINABLE YIELD TRITICUM AESTIVUM WINTER WHEAT

The Chemical Evolution of Narrow Emission Line Galaxies: the Key to their Formation Processes

JUAN PABLO TORRES PAPAQUI ROGER COZIOL RENE ALBERTO ORTEGA MINAKATA (2011, [Artículo])

Using the largest sample of narrow emission line galaxies available so far, we show that their spectral characteristics are correlated with different physical parameters, like the chemical abundances, the morphologies, the masses of the bulge and the mean stellar age of the stellar populations of the host galaxies. It suggests that the spectral variations observed in standard spectroscopic diagnostic diagrams are not due solely to variations of ionization parameters or structures but reflect also the chemical evolution of the galaxies, which in turn can be explained by different galaxy formation processes.

Utilizando la mayor muestra de galaxias con líneas de emisión angostas disponible hasta el momento, se muestra que sus características espectrales están correlacionadas con diferentes parámetros físicos, como las abundancias químicas, las morfologías, las masas del bulbo, y la edad estelar promedio de las poblaciones estelares de la galaxia anfitrio-na. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que las variaciones espectrales observadas en diagramas de diagnóstico estándares no se deben únicamente a las variaciones de los parámetros o las estructuras de ionización, sino que reflejan también la evolución química de las galaxias, relacionada con diferentes procesos de formación

CIENCIAS FÍSICO MATEMÁTICAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA Galaxy Chemical Activity Formation Chemical evolution Galaxias Actividad química Formación Evolución química

Chemically modified nanoparticles for enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with cinnamon essential oil

Aaron Azael Lopez Cano VERONICA MARTINEZ AGUILAR Mariana Peña-Juárez Ricardo López Esparza Enrique Delgado Alvarado Emmanuel Gutierrez MAYRA DEL ANGEL MONROY Elias Perez Agustin L. Herrera-May JOSE AMIR GONZALEZ CALDERON (2023, [Artículo])

We explored the potential of different nanoparticles (TiO2, CaCO3, and Al2O3), considering their pure form and modified with cinnamon essential oil (CEO). These materials were characterized using various techniques, including FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, TGA, and SEM. The interaction between CEO and nanoparticles changed depending on the nanoparticle type. Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibited the strongest interaction with CEO, increasing their antioxidant capacity by around 40% and their transfer of antimicrobial properties, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, TiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles showed limited interaction with CEO, resulting in lower antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity. Incorporating pure and CEO-modified nanoparticles into polylactic acid (PLA) films improved their mechanical and thermal properties, which are suitable for applications requiring greater strength. This research highlights the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles to enhance the antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities of polymers. In addition, incorporating cinnamon essential oil can increase the antioxidant and antimicrobial effectiveness of the metal oxide nanoparticles and improve the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA films. Thus, these PLA films exhibit favorable characteristics for active packaging applications.

Author contributions: conceptualization, V.M.-A. and J.A.G.-C.; formal analysis, A.A.L.-C., V.M.-A., M.G.P.-J. and M.D.A.-M.; funding acquisition, A.L.H.-M.; methodology, A.A.L.-C. and V.M.-A.; investigation, E.P.; supervision, R.L.-E., E.D.-A., and E.J.G.-C.; validation, A.L.H.-M. and J.A.G.-C.; writing—original draft, V.M.-A.; writing—review and editing, M.G.P.-J. and J.A.G.-C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding: J.A. Gonzalez-Calderon thanks CONAHCYT for supporting the Catedras-CONAHCYT Program, and Verónica Martinez thanks CONAHCYT for the Doctoral Fellowship. The authors also want to thank CONAHCYT for funding the project CF2019 265239 “Ciencia de Frontera”, which made this work possible.

Institutional review board statement: Not applicable.

Informed consent statement: Not applicable.

Data availability statement: Data is contained within the article.

Acknowledgments: The authors acknowledge Claudia Hernández and Rosa Lina Tovar for their support during the XRD and SEM analyses.

Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Cinnamon essential oil Antioxidant activity Antimicrobial properties Nanoparticles Polylactic acid films INGENIERÍA Y TECNOLOGÍA CIENCIAS TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS ESPECIALIDADES TECNOLÓGICAS OTRAS OTRAS

Risk, Covid-19 and hospital care in Mexico City: Are we moving toward a new medical practice?

Rubén Muñoz (2023, [Artículo, Artículo])

Covid-19 pandemic has entailed new challenges for health care in the Mexican public health sector, producing changes in clinical practices that are now handling patients infected with covid-19 and also outpatient consultations at tertiary-level care hospitals. Some of these challenges are related to the perception of risk held by physicians regarding the possibility of contracting or transmitting covid-19 during their work,and to the management of risk from the standpoint of biomedical organizational culture linked to the material and symbolic conditions of public health services predating the pandemic. We analyze these issues from a anthropological research based on in-depth interviews to physicians that work with covid-19 patients at “Covid-19 hospitals” or “hybrid hospitals” in Mexico City. Covid-19 has arrived in social relations and perceptions of risk in the arena of health care and involves knowing and transforming some structural and symbolic conditions, resignified with the pandemic, for proper medical care.

Covid-19 percepción de riesgo personal de salud atención médica hospitalaria cultura organizacional biomédica CIENCIAS SOCIALES CIENCIAS SOCIALES risk perception health care workers hospital care biomedical organizational culture