Potential impacts of Ukraine-Russia armed conflict on global wheat food security: A quantitative exploration

Khondoker Mottaleb Gideon Kruseman Sieglinde Snapp (2022, [Artículo])

Violent conflict is a major cause of acute food crises. In 2021, at least 155 million people in 10 countries were severely food insecure and eight of those countries were experiencing armed conflict. On February 24, 2022, an armed conflict between Russian Federation (Russia) and Ukraine escalated. As Russia and Ukraine are major wheat exporters, this will aggravate the already precarious food security situation in many developing countries by disrupting wheat production and export and by accelerating price hikes in import-dependent developing countries. This study examines the potential impacts of this ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine on wheat price, consumption, and calorie intake from wheat. In doing so, it applies the conditional mixed process estimation procedure using information collected from 163 countries and territories for the years 2016–2019 from online database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The study shows that, on average, a 1% decrease in the global wheat trade could increase the producers' price of wheat by 1.1%, and a 1% increase in the producers' price could reduce the yearly per capita wheat consumption by 0.59%, daily calorie intake by 0.54% and protein intake by 0.64% in the sampled countries. Based on this, the study demonstrates that a 50% reduction in wheat exports by Russia and Ukraine could increase the producers’ price of wheat by 15%, which would induce a reduction in wheat consumption and dietary energy intake by at least 8%. Since wheat export has reduced from both Russia and Ukraine, to avoid a food crisis in developing countries, policies are suggested, including near term improvement of domestic wheat production by promoting improved agronomic practices to close yield gaps to meet a substantial portion of wheat self-sufficiency goals. In the long run, countries in Africa, East Asia and South America can explore expanding wheat into new land area. International donor agencies can play a key role in supporting the ongoing wheat research and development activities.

Export-Import CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA ARMED CONFLICTS CALORIES CONSUMPTION ELASTICITY FOOD SECURITY PRICES PRODUCTION WHEAT

La ventaja revelada de exportación de la fresa mexicana, su estructura productiva e índices de protección

Karla Anahí Amador García (2008, [Tesis de maestría])

Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales. Maestría en Ciencias en Comercio Exterior

An interest renovated in the natural foods in the world population that puts more attention in its diet exists and in its health. The strawberry is a fruit appreciated by its color, perfume, flavor and benefits for the health since are an anti-rust one and he/she has high quantities of vitamin C, vitamin B, natural sugar, potassium and iron. According to the Association of Warm Supreme TO. C. the consumption of this fruit has associated with a reduction of the cancer prostático and the reduction of the cholesterol LDL (lipoproteína of low density). There is strawberry readiness during the whole year thanks to the development and implementation of new cultivation techniques and of more resistant varieties to almost all the climates. The sector fresero occupies an important place in the economy of Mexico from half-filled of last century for its national and regional great impact as generator of foreign currencies and of employments.

Existe un interés renovado en los alimentos naturales en la población mundial que pone más atención en su dieta y en su salud. La fresa es una fruta apreciada por su color, perfume, sabor y beneficios para la salud ya que es un antioxidante y tiene elevadas cantidades de vitamina C, vitamina B, azúcar natural, potasio y hierro. Según la Asociación de Calidad Suprema A. C. el consumo de esta fruta se ha asociado con una reducción del cáncer prostático y la reducción del colesterol LDL (lipoproteína de baja densidad). Hay disponibilidad de fresa durante todo el año gracias al desarrollo e implementación de nuevas técnicas de cultivo y de variedades más resistentes a casi todos los climas. El sector fresero ocupa un lugar importante en la economía de México desde mediados del siglo pasado por su gran impacto nacional y regional como generador de divisas y de empleos.

CIENCIAS SOCIALES ININEE-M-2008-0006 Exportación Fresa Ventaja comparativa Competitividad VRE

Agua virtual en México

Felipe Arreguin Mario Lopez Perez HUMBERTO JUAN FRANCISCO MARENGO MOGOLLON Juan Carlos Tejeda González (2007, [Artículo])

Se presentan los principales conceptos relacionados con el agua virtual y la huella hídrica de un país, y se calculan ambos para México. Los resultados muestran que en 2006 el país importó 35,255 hm³ de agua virtual (4.39 veces el almacenamiento normal del lago de Chapala), y que exportó 5,396 hm³, lo que lo ubica como un importador neto de 29,859 hm³ de agua virtual, con una tendencia creciente a partir del año 2000.

Agua virtual Huella hídrica Importación de agua Exportación de agua CIENCIAS SOCIALES